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Chapter 3: Atomic structure - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 3: Atomic structure
Neutron
relative mass: 1
relative charge: 0
Proton
relative mass: 1
relative charge: +1
Electron
relative mass: 1/1840
relative charge: -1
Definition of terms
atomic number: proton number - always look for the smaller no. attached to element
nucleon number (mass number/atomic mass): neutron no. + proton no.
electron number: proton number (always equal)
valence electrons: electrons found in outer shell only
electronic configuration: eg. 2.8.1 (Na)
Isotopes
atoms of the same element, with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
similar chemical properties: same no. of electrons
different physical properties: different mass number (number of neutrons)
Formation of ions
atom loses electrons: cations (positively charged ions)
atom gains electrons: anions (negatively charged ions)
number of electrons will change but no. of neutrons and protons remain the same
ions have a stable noble gas structure: fully filled valence electron shell
sharing electrons (covalent bonding): non-metal & non-metal
transferring electrons (ionic bonding): metal & non-metal
noble gases in Group 18 are stable and unreactive due to having fully filled valence shell