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America key topic 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1-they closed the port of Boston until the tea they got rid of was paid for
        2-hutchinson replaced with gage, governor can appoint and dismiss officials
        3-murder trials held in England
        4-power to military commanders to quarter troops in private houses
      - these rules didn't actually isolate boston from the other 13 colonies it instead had the opposite affect and it increased patriot support across america
- - - - British forces captures Philadelphia
      - the plan didn't work as continental congress had already fled this was good for the Americans as they knew the land better and could hide better
    - - Washington failed to retake Philadelphia
      - Washington moves the continental army to valley forge in Pennsylvania
        
        moral was rock bottom and many Americans die in the valley but when they emerged from the valley they were better trained, demonstrating how good Washington was as a commander
  - - - the French felt like they could defeat Britain after hearing the Burgoyne's defeat they had and they saw the possibility of gaining back there territory they lost in the 7 year war
      - they signed the treaty in February 1778 and France declared war on Britain in June 1778
        
        Spain also entered the was an an ally of France in April 1779
    - - they brought British army's in north America down from 65% to 20%
      - they brought British navy down from 41% to 13%
      - the Americans won both the battle of Monmouth in June 1778 and the battle of Cowpens in 1781 without help from France showing the effectiveness of militia and regular troops
      - Britain won the siege of savannah which resulted in heavy causality on both sides
      - the British captured Charleston and the battle of Camden resulting in American forces to be heavily wounded
      - Spanish forces cleared British tropes from Mississippi valley
      - Britain was now mobilized against invasion and held onto her possession in west indies and focused on India instead of the 13 colonies
      - the revolutionary war became a world war between the British and French empires so for Britain the defeat of France became more important than holding onto the colonies
  - - - this was from Washington being able to lead an army of 16,000 Americans and French troops into York town
  - - - after Yorktown the British lacked political will to fight on
      - unlikely that Britain would ever win
      - pressure put on the king to end war
      - defense priorities had changed once France got involved
      - peace talks began in April 1782
      - the chief American negotiators were john Adams, Benjamin franklin and john jay
    - - the Americans were offered generous terms
      - it was signed by Britain, USA, France, Spain and holland on 3rd September 1783
      - recognized American independence and the new nations boundaries
      - Britain also signed separate peace treaties with other nations this was known as the peace of Paris
      - they also divided land and who owned what
      - key terms
        
        great Britain finally gave formal recognition to its former colonies as a new and independent nation: the united states of America
        
        defined the U.S border, with great Britain granting the northwest territory to the united states
        
        secured fishing rights to the grand banks and other waters off the british-canadian coastline for American boats
        
        opened up to Mississippi river to navigation by citizens of both the united states and great Britain
        
        resolved issues with American debt owed to British creditors
        
        provided for fair treatment of American citizens who had remained loyal to great Britain during the war
    - - resignation of lord north and formation of a coalition government. William Pitt became prime minister
      - cost of was was staggering - £232 million
      - no revolution in UK
      - the British population grew
      - Britain's prosperity also grew
      - by 1785 British trade was the same as it was before war and the value of British exports doubled
      - Britain then changed policy's in Ireland and where granted there independence
      - the empire still grew and Britain became the richest most powerful country in the world
- - - - 1 called upon massachusetts to arm for defence
        2 proclaimed the rights of each colony to determine its own needs for troops
        3 committees of safety were set up to coordinate the colonists actions
  - - - the battle of lexington and concord
        
        the british and rebels confronted on lexington town green and soon the british had to retreat, in total the british has 273 casualties and 73 of them were killed. but before long boston was surrounded by 20,000 colonial militia
    - - the battle of bunker hill
        
        the british redcoats were within 40 yards of bunker hill and americans began to let loose with musket fire which got rid of 100 british troops making them retreat
        
        after the 3rd attempt they finally engaged in hand to hand combat with the americans and this forced the americans to retreat
      - july
        
        the olive branch petition
        
        this petition was send directly to king george the 3rd and it placed blam for the american war of independence on parliament and governors
        
        the king rejected this in august and he declared the colonies in open rebellion
  - - - the declaration of independence
        
        Thomas Jefferson was the main writer for the declaration and used ideas of john Locke
        
        the 4 main parts
        
        preamble - why they wrote it
        
        declaration of natural rights - says that in a republic the gov is there to protect the rights of the people and these are said to be unalienable rights that cant be taken away
        
        list of grievances - all the complaints about England and blamed king George 3rd for everything in total there were 28 grievances
        
        resolution of independence - says the colonies are "free and independent states" and this has the signatures of the signers for the declaration of independence
        
        the signers
        
        john Handcock signed first
        
        in total there was 56 signers out of all 13 colonies
        
        the people who signed this were seen to have causes treason and the british wanted to punish them with death