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Science - Coggle Diagram
Science
Process of speciation
- islolation of a population
- evolution under selection pressures.
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DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic information contained in a molecule, which determines what organs and parts should develop, the order the parts are assembled, and how they can work together.
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The structure of DNA is known as a double helix, which is a very long thin molecule made up of thousands of atoms. The bases of DNA are made up of adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine, which can only join with their corresponding pair (A-T & G-C)
A gene is a section of a DNA molecule that provides instructions for building a specific protein. Humans have over 20,000. The length and sequence of a gene determine the size and shape of the protein, which determines its function in the body.
RNA is a copy of DNA that converts the genetic information from DNA into proteins. It carries the information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.
The bases in RNA are adenine, uracil, guanine and cytosine, and the base pairs are A-U & G-C.
A codon is a group of three bases in the RNA strand which provide instruction for building a specific protein.
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Insertion is the addition of a base, which causes frameshift (a move in the amino acid sequence)
Deletion is when bases are removed from the sequence, causing frameshift.
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Variations are differences in traits between individuals of the same species. A mutation can produce variations in genetic traits in each generation through reproduction.
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A scientific theory is a well-supported explanation of a natural phenomenon, developed from a large body of evidence collected through testing, observation and refinement.
The theory of evolution explains how species change overtime through processes like natural selection and genetic variation.
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A selection pressure is any challenge that affects an organism's ability to survive in a particular environment.
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Speciation is the formation of a new species. The process is explained by the theory of evolution by natural selection.
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Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids that form structures and perform functions in an organism.
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An independent variable is a variable that is changed to observe its effect on the outcome or dependent variable
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Hypothesis format: if (statement involving change in IV), then (prediction involving DV) due to (explanation)
Only one variable should change at a time, so you can make a clear conclusion about what caused the results.
Repeated trials improve reliability by showing that the results are consistent and not just a one-time mistake.
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Precision is how close your measurements are to each other when you repeat an experiment. They may be effected by random errors.
Reliability means getting the same results when an experiment is repeated under the same conditions.