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Hypertension - Coggle Diagram
Hypertension
Epidemiology
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Contributes to ischemic heart disease, heart failure, diabetic complications, CKD, and cerebrovascular disease
If left untreated can lead to heart disease, MI, stroke, renal failure, PAD, aortic aneurysm, death
Diagnosis
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Past medical history
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Ask about contributing or exacerbating conditions (i.e. CKD, diabetes, thyroid disease, sleep apnea)
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Medications
Ask about use of meds that cause HTN: OCPs, NSAIDs, antidepressants, corticosteroids, decongestants, stimulants
Family History
HTN, CV disease or premature death, thyroid disease, CKD, diabetes, dyslipidemia
Social history
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Smoking, alcohol and drug use
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Presentation
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Hypertensive urgency/emergency may have: headache, dizziness, epistaxis
Could have symptoms related to end-organ dysfunction: chest pain, blurred vision, papilledema, mental status changes
Risk Factors
Co-morbidities: Diabetes, CKD, Sleep Apnea, CVD
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Non-modifiable: Family history, age, race/ethnicity
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Modifiable: obesity, diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol use, smoking, stress
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Treatment
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Pharm
First Line Agents: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, CCBs, Thiazides
Second Line Agents: BBs, MRAs, direct-renin inhibitors, central alpha-2 agonists, direct vasodilators, thiazides(if not use previously)
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Follow-up
Lab monitored renal function, electrolytes & lipids
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In the beginning of a new diagnosis, appointment every 2-4 weeks until BP is controlled
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