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TOPIC 2 LINGUISTIC :DISCOURSE ANALYSIS LANGUAGE …
TOPIC 2 LINGUISTIC :DISCOURSE ANALYSIS LANGUAGE BEYOND THE SENTENCE
Definition
Discourse: a series of connected utterances, such as conversation, story, lecture, or any other communication event.
A study of language in text & conversation:
how we make sense of what we read
how we can recognise well-constructed texts opposed to jumbled & incoherent ones
how we understand speakers who communicate more than they say
how we successfully take part in a conversation
The effort to interpret / to be interpreted & how we accomplish it = key elements in the study of discourse
Example :
Train collide, two die
First come, first serve
Buy one, free one
Conversation analysis
The Cooperative Principles - Gricean Maxims
Turn - Taking
Speech Events
A speech event refers to a specific instance of communication where language is used within a particular social and cultural context. It includes the participants, the purpose of the communication, and the rules or norms governing the interaction.
Schemas & Scripts
Background Knowledge
Implicatures
Hedges
Coherence
Definition: The use of linguistic devices to link sentences and ideas together within a text.
Ties & connection that exist within a text.
Focus: Surface-level connections (grammar and structure).
Examples:
Use of conjunctions (e.g., and, but, therefore).
Pronouns to refer to previous ideas (e.g., he, it, this).
Repetition of key terms or synonyms.
Logical sequence of ideas (e.g., chronological order).
Example
My father once bought a Lincoln convertible. He did it by saving every penny he could. That car would be worth a fortune nowadays. However, he sold it to help pay my college education. Sometimes, I think I’d rather have the convertible.
Cohesion
Definition: The overall clarity and logical flow of ideas in a text.
Focus: Meaning and understanding at a deeper level.
Examples:
Ideas connect logically and are easy to follow.
Clear organization of content (e.g., introduction, body, conclusion).
Consistent themes or arguments throughout the text.
Context and relevance of information.