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Ch.5 Transport in Humans, Coronary Heart disease, Blood vessels - Coggle…
Ch.5 Transport in Humans
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Organ rejection
Patients with damaged organs like livers can be saved from a healthy donor. The immune system may recognize the antigens on the donated organ as foreign particles and start attacking it, causing the organ to fail.
The closer the donor is to the patient, the lower the risks of organ rejection. However, as no two people are fully genetically similar except twins, patients often take immunosuppressant drugs to suppress their immune system. The downside is that it makes them more prone to pathogens
Blood group
A person produces antibodies to the antigens they do not have. E.g. person of blood group A has b antibodies
When a person from blood group A receives a blood transfusion from a person of blood group B, the A antibodies bind to the A antigen, causing the red blood cells to clump. This is known as agglutination, which can be fatal
Heart
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The left ventricle has a thicker wall as compared to the right ventricle as it pumps blood throughout the body while the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs and hence requires high pressure.
Coronary Heart disease
Occlusion of coronary arteries due to fatty deposits on inner surface of arteries, preventing oxygen and nutrients from reaching the heart tissue.
1) Fats are deposited on the inner walls of arteries 2) This narrows the lumen of the arteries and increases blood pressure 3) Such an affected artery develops a rough inner surface
4) This increases the risk of blood clots forming in the arteries. If this occurs, the oxygen supply to the heart muscles may be completely cut off
Risk factors
Sedentary lifestyle: Lack of exercise can lead to build up of fatty deposits that block the arteries
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Smoking: Nicotine increases blood pressure. Smoke contains nicotine and carbon monoxide which increases risk of coronary heart disease
Unhealthy diet: a diet high in cholesterol and salt intake can increase risk of high blood pressure and heart attacks
Preventive measures
Avoid smoking: Cigarette smoke contains nicotine and carbon monoxide which increases risk of coronary heart disease
Regular exercise: Strengthens the heart and maintains elasticity of arterial muscles. The risk of high b.p and hypertension can be greatly reduced
Healthy diet: Animal fats can be substituted with polysaturated fats that do not stick onto the inner walls of arteries and may lower the cholesterol level in the blood.
Blood vessels
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Arteries
Thick, muscular walls to withstand blood flowing through it at high pressure
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Elastic wall enables it to stretch and recoil to withstand blood flowing through it at high pressure
Veins
Thin, muscular walls with little elastic tissue due to blood flowing at a slower rate with low pressure
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