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Psychological Foundations of Curriculum - Coggle Diagram
Psychological Foundations of Curriculum
Association and Behaviorism
Ivan Pavlov
(1849–1936)
S–R Theory
Indoctrination (training)
Classical Conditioning
Robert Gagné
(1916–2002)
Hierarchical Learning
Task Analysis
Instructional Objectives
Edward Thorndike
(1874–1949)
Laws of Learning
Exercise
Effect
Readiness
Stimulus → Specific Response
Connectionism
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Jean Piaget
(1896–1980)
Stages
Concrete
Sensorimotor
Formal
Preoperational
Keys
Assimilation
Equilibration
Accommodation
Lev Vygotsky (1896–1934)
Sociocultural Theory
Learning precedes development
ZPD (Zone of Proximal Development)
Howard Gardner
Multiple Intelligences
spatial
linguistic
bodily
interpersonal
logical
musical
naturalistic
intrapersonal
Daniel Goleman
Emotional Quotient (EQ)
Emotions → Action
Humanistic Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
Wholeness of Learning
Human beings response to patterns of stimuli
Keys to Learning
Learning is complex & abstract
Analyze problems
Distinguish essential vs. nonessential
Perceive relationships
Seeing the whole over the parts
Perception shaped by experience
Carl Rogers
(1902–1987)
Nondirective & therapeutic learning
Counseling-oriented methods
Teacher as facilitator, not authority
Emphasis on freedom, trust, openness
Keys to Learning
Curriculum as process over product
Focusing on personal needs
Prioritizing meaning over scores
Learning shaped by perceptions
Abraham Maslow
(1908–1970)
Hierarchy of Needs
Self-Actualization
Emotions
Love
Trust
Key to Learning
Healthy & happy learner
Growth & accomplishment
Self-actualization of potential
