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Yom Kippur War 6 - 25 Oct 1973, . - Coggle Diagram
Yom Kippur War 6 - 25 Oct 1973
Operation Badr: Egypt covering itself with SAMs to stop the israeli airforce crossed the Suex canal and invaded the Sinai
Counter attacks by tank forces failed initially, but the canal was reclaimed 15–21 Oct
Egyptian 3rd army was incircled, IDF was 101 km from Cairo
Kissinger’s shuttle diplomacy produced disengagement deals:
Egypt–Israel Disengagement Agreement, Jan 1974, created buffer zones and eased the Suez front.
Begin and Sadat were ready to seal the deal in 1977 but a Joint statement made by USSR and USA insisted on multi-party deal Israel - Syria - Egypt - PLO
Begin and Sadat signed a Peace Treaty in 1979 (Camp David), Israel withdrws from the settlements and airfields in West Bank, Egypt supplies it with oil, US helps rebuild the settlements in Israel financially
Palestinian Autonomy created
Syria stormed the Golan Heights
4 days later Israel calimed back the territory entering Syrian soil, stopping close to Damascus
Iraq, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and others sent forces to bolster Syria, slowing the Israeli advance near the Damascus–Daraa axis.
Kissinger’s shuttle diplomacy produced disengagement deals: Syria–Israel Disengagement Agreement, May 1974, set the present Golan separation lines monitored by UNDOF
UN Security Council 338 called a ceasefire on 22 Oct
2365 Dead, 6000+ wounded on Israeli side
The Euphoria feeling of invincibility was challenged. Israel realised it´s dependence on international allies
Arab nations realised the importance of oil prices as an instrument to put pressure on Israel and the world
Agranat Inquiry commision to investigate the failure of security and intelligence
Impeachment of chief of staff and top generals
Golda Meir had to resign under pressure in 1974, replaced by Itzhak Rabin
Lead to bringing Likud party to power in 1977 under Menahem Begin after 50ys of leftist "labour" party
1977: Menahem Begin from Likud (right-wing) coming to power
Stagflation due to increased military budget to reconstruct the army and increased oil prices
Jordan lost it´s role as a Palestinian representative
PLO took over starting a terrorist war, breaking into israel, shooting schools and buses
Most known is the attack on Israeli Olympic games team in 1972 in Germany
Hijacking AirFrance and landing it in Uganda 1976
Litany Operation against PLO bases in South Lebanon March 1978
Gush Emunim Settlement movement
Rabbi Kook: all the land was promised to the Jews
Support from Right Wing parties and many others (less publicly)
The goal was to prevent Israeli withdrawal from "the promised land"
1 more item...
Peace Now movement - withdraw from the occupied territories
According to Peace Now (Shalom Akshav): Settlement movement will cause major problems for any future reconciliation and peace process
Within a week Israel occupied most of the territories south of Litani River. PLO was pushed north
UN: Resolutions 425 and 426 - UNIFIL sent
1.100-2000 Lebanese and Palestinians killed, 100.000-250.000 were misplaced
18-20 Israeli soldiers killed
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