Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Module 5 - Chapter 17 - Oscillations I - Coggle Diagram
Module 5 - Chapter 17 - Oscillations I
Oscillation motion
Objects starts in an equilibrium position, a force is applied to it and it is displaced and starts to oscillate
Displaced object travels to the equilibrium postion at increase speed and reaches its max speed
It then slows down once it has gone past the equilibrium position and reaches maximum displacement
If then returns towards its equilibrium position, speeding up, and once more slows down to a stop when it reaches max displacement
Graph has a sinusoidal shape and shows Amplitude and period of oscillaiton ball
Terminology
Displacement (x) - distance from equilibrium position
amplitude (A) - maximum displacement from equilibrium position
period (T) - Time taken to complete one full oscillation
frequncy (f) - number of complete oscillations per unit time
Phase difference
used to compare difference in displacement between oscillating objects
Two identical pendulums oscillating in step both reach their max positive displacement at the same time - phase dif of 0 rad
Antiphase - one pendulum is at max positive displacement when the other is at max negative
Angular frequency
If you consider displacement only along the x axis, its given by X cos(theta)
The angle increases uniformly with time, so the graph of displacement aginst time is similar to the rolling ball
Angular frequency - object's angular displacement per unit time
Simple harmonic motion
oscillting motion for which the acceleration of the object is
w^2 is a constant for the object
Accleration is directly proportional to its displacement
The acceleration of the object acts in the opposite direction to the displacement (it returns the object to the equilibrium position)
Gradient of the accleration against displacement graph is -w^2
Constant gradinet implies frequency is constant
as amplitude increases, average speed of the swing do so period doesnt' change
Isochronous oscillation - period is independent of amplitude
Graphs to demonstate SHM
Displacement-time
At zero displacement, the plendulum is at/ moving through its equilibrium position
Maximum displacements is at the top of its swing
Pendulum is at its maximum positive displacement at time, so graph has a cosine shape
If no energy is transferred to the surrounding, then the amplitude A of each oscillation remains constant
Velocity-time
At max displacement, velocity is zero pendulum momentarily stops before returning towards it equlibrium position
Gradient of a displacement-time gaph equals the velocity of the oscillator
Acceleration-time
Acceleration time grpah is similar to the dispalcement-time but just inverted,
The gradient of the velocity time graphy gives accleration
