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Atoms, the Lewis Dot Symbols
element and molecules, Intermolecular forces…
Atoms
Mass number
The mass number (represented by A) refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
Isotopes
The isotopes of a certain element are alternative atomic forms which differ only in the number of neutrons present in their respective nuclie
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Molecular Polarity
Electronegativity Difference
-Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond.When two atoms have different electronegativities, the electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a polar bond.When the atoms have similar or equal electronegativities, the bond is nonpolar
Molecular Shape (Geometry)
-Even if a molecule has polar bonds, its overall shape can affect whether the molecule is polar or not.If the shape is symmetrical, the dipoles (partial charges) can cancel out, making the molecule nonpolar.If the shape is asymmetrical, the dipoles don't cancel, and the molecule is polar