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circulatory system teacher edition (full) - Coggle Diagram
circulatory system teacher edition (full)
organs
blood vessel
vein
structure
thinner elastic and muscular wall (relative to artery)
valves presents to prevent backflow of blood due to low pressure
function+adaptation
transport blood to heart
large lumen offer low resistance to blood flow so blood can flow back to heart smoothly
valves prevent the backflow of blood under low bp to ensure blood flow in one direction
what goes on
very low bp
blood flows slowly- skeletal muscles next to the veins assist the flow of blood back to the heart by compressing the veins when the muscles contract
large lumen like venule
flows from organs to heart
capillaries
function+adaptation
allow for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue fluid
presence of intercellular clefts increase rate of diffusion
one cell thick wall allows o2, food and waste products to easily diffuse through the walls
extensive network surrounding cells to enable efficient exchange of materials (o2, food, waste products) with tissue cells
structure
once cell thick, single layer of endothelial cells and intercellular clefts (gaps between cells)
what goes on
very small lumen
bp falls along capillaires from ateriole end to venule end due to increase in total cross sectional area
blood flows slowly to allow for ,ore time for exchange of substances to take place
flow around the cells with organs
artery
structures
thick, elastic muscular wall
no valves
function+adaptation
transport blood away from heart
can withstand high pressure generated by ventricular contractions
elastic tissue enables it to stretch and recoil under high pressure -> pushes blood along artery to give rise to pulse
muscle tissue in wall allows for constriction and dilation to regulate volume of blood flowing thru
artery constricts ( lumen becomes narrower, less blood flows thru) artery dilates ( lumen becomes wider, more blood flows thru)
what goes on
high bp
fast blood flow (in pulse), reflects rhythmic pumping of heart
blood flow away from heart
small lumen relative to blood vessel diameter
aterioles
function+adaptation
transports blood away from heart
constriction and dilation, refer to artery
structures
elastic and muscular wall
branched from arteries
what goes on
small lumen
lower bp than artery
slower blood flow than artery
blood flow away from heart
venules
structure
thin elastic and muscular wall
capillaries join to form venules
what goes on
very low bp
blood flows slowly
large lumen relative to diameter of blood vessel
flows from organs to heart
function+adaptation
transport blood to veins
blood
WBC (leucocytes)
lymphocytes
antibodies
agglutination
phagocytes
phagocytosis
what is phagocytosis
process
main function: to remove microorganisms that invade the body and produce antibodies, helping the body to defend against diseases
platelets (thrombocytes)
main function: clotting
damaged tissue+platelets=thrombokinase
prothrombin--thrombkinase-->thrombin
soluble fibrinogrn--thrombin-->insoluble fibrin thread
plasma
transport
heat
protein
glucose, Amino acids
...... others (e.g hormones)
RBC (erythrocytes)
main function: transport O2
haemoglubin+O2= oxy-haemoglobin
biconcave
to increase SA to V
pack in more Haemoglobin and O2
no nucleus
elastic, can turn bell shaped
transfusion
O is universal donor
AB is universal recipient
antigen+antibodies-->clotting
use diagram
whole blood or blood components to increase blood vol/improve immunity
incompetence in type will cause agglutination
binding of antibodies in recipients plasma to antigens on donated RBCs
blood typing in labs to avoid mismatch
55% plasma, 45% RBC+cell fragments
heart
parts involved
veins
in heart
vena cava
deoxgenated blood from body to heart
pulmonary vein
carries oxygenated blood from lungs to the heart (place of highest O2 and lowest CO2)
associated
hepatic portal vein
products of digestion to the liver
renal vein
reduced urea concentration
arteries
in heart
aorta
oxygenated blood to body, main artery
pulmonary artery
(special artery) deoxygenated blood, high CO2 concentration
associated
renal artery
high concentration of urea to kidneyds
hepatic artery
oxygenated (from aorta) to the liver
Chambers
Atrium
left atrium (on the right)
right atrium (on the left)
Ventricle
right ventricle (on the left)
left ventricle (on the right)
each side do what
right side: deoxy blood body from body to heart (vena cava, plenary artery)
left side: oxy blood to body from heart (pulmonary vein, aorta
how to remember
pulmonary
lungs
hepatic
liver
renal
kidneys
valves
general
valves open and close in response to pressure changes as the various chambers contract and relax.
ensure one way flow of blood, by closing to prevent backflow of blood
located betweeen atrium and ventricle
the transport system
uni vs multi
unicellular organism: only diffusion occurs as no part of cell is far from external environment
multicellular organism: transport system needed to carry materials from one part of boy to another as cells are deep in body and far from the external environment
double circulation feature
separate oxy and deoxy
ensure only oxy blood reach cells
blood passes thru heart 2 times in a circuit
the two circult
pulmonary circulation
from right ventricle thru pulmonary artery to the lungs and back into left atrium thru pulmonary artery
lower pressure
systemic circulation
from left ventricle thru aorta to rest of body, enters back to right atrium through vena cava
higher pressure
describe
describe the transfer of materials between capillaries and tissue fluid
materials are exchanged between capillaries and tissue fluid via diffusion
O2, glucose, amino acids, mineral salts diffuse from blood via tissue fluid
metabolic waste eg CO2 + urea diffuse from body cells via tissue to blood
tissue and cells are surrounded by tissue fluid that supplies cells with requirements (fills up intercellular air spaces and is a medium for materials to diffuse between blood and cells)
school notes source:
https://www.vch.ca/en/your-heart-and-how-it-works
cardiac cycle
involves pressure and volume changes in the heart, as eart chammber contracts, pressrue increases
atrial systole (contract): atrial scles cotract. Pressre inn atria rise, forcing blood tru AV valve into ventricle
atrial diastole: (atria muscles relax) ( while ventricle systole), and blood fro plonary veins and vena cava start filling atria again
ventricular systole ( contract): ventricle muscles contract, pressure pushes AV valve up to force shut to prevent backflow (lub)
pressure in venntricle become higher than aortic/pulmonary artery pressure, semmilunar pushed open. blood in ventricles enter pulmonary arteryy
ventricular diastole (relax): venntricle muscles relax, causing pressrue in venntricle to fall. blood pumped out of the heart flows backwards which pushes semilunar valve close (dub)
when ventricular ventricular pressure drops below atrial pressure (rising due to filling of atria in atrial diastole), AV valves pushed open ad blood flows in passively
disease
atherosclerosis
coronary arteries brannch out from the aorta to provide O2 and nutrients to heart muscles to sustain it for contractions
the condition of cholestrol and fatty deposits on inner srface of coronar arteries called aterosclerosis
coronary heart disease
plaque (cholestrol, fatty deposits and other substances) narrows lumen of coronary arteries, so less O2 annd nutrients supplied to heart muscles
coronary arteries are completely blocked/occulded, myocardial infarction (heart attack) may result
wheen heart tissue does not get oxygen and nnutrients, the tissuue cell dies, and there is heart damage
infarction may disrupt the conduction system of heart and cause sudden death
pressure at site of occulsion may also be higher and occluded vein may rupture
causes/increased risks
sorry u cant help it
family history
being male
age
ur fault
high intake or saturated fats, ssalt, alcohol and/or sugar
lack of excercise
smoker
high blood pressure
treatment
balloon angioplasty
coronary bypass grafting