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Traumatic Brain Injury - Coggle Diagram
Traumatic Brain Injury
Definisi
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Kesan : Hilang kesedaran (LOC),Amnesia selepas trauma (PTA),Fraktur tengkorak,Defisit neurologi
Patofisiologi
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Keratan axon & salur darah : contusion, hematoma
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Diagnosis & Rawatan
Diagnosis: klasifikasi Mild, Moderate, Severe
Rawatan Perubatan & Pembedahan:Craniotomy, Decompressive Craniectomy,VPS Shunt (hydrocephalus),Cranioplasty
Etiologi
Traumatik : Jatuh (elderly),Kemalangan jalan raya (MVA),Sukan, assault, military blast
Bukan Traumatik : Dadah, alkohol, keracunan,Anoksia (lemas, cardiac arrest),Tumor, jangkitan (meningitis/encephalitis),Penyakit degeneratif
Jenis & Subjenis
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Focal Injury : Direct blow, contusion, hematoma
Multifocal/Diffuse : Cerebral contusion,Diffuse axonal injury (DAI),Intracerebral / Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Ciri Klinikal
Psikososial: mood swings, aggression, depression
Visual: penglihatan kabur, diplopia
Kognitif: masalah memori, perhatian, judgment
Perseptual: neglect, agnosia
Fizikal: ataxia, rigiditi, ROM terhad, postural deficit, sawan
Tahap Kesedaran
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Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) : Eye, Verbal, Motor
Komplikasi : Hypoxia,Hydrocephalus,Sawan,Tekanan intrakranial meningkat,Gangguan sistem jantung/pernafasan
Prognosis
Bergantung pada : Tahap kecederaan (mild/moderate/severe),Tempoh PTA,Usia & keadaan kesihatan pesakit