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SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASE - Coggle Diagram
SEXUAL TRANSMITTED DISEASE
TYPE
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum)
Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae)
Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis)
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
Hepatitis B
HIV
MANAGEMENT
Syphilis:
-Evaluate newborn based on maternal history and infant signs.
-If infection likely or confirmed: IV penicillin G (aqueous or procaine) for 10 days
Gonorrhea:
-Prophylaxis: apply antibiotic eye ointment at birth.
-Treat confirmed cases with systemic ceftriaxone for 7 days (adjusted for meningitis if needed)
Chlamydia:
Treat with oral erythromycin starting ~24 hours after birth for conjunctivitis or pneumonitis risk
Herpes simplex virus:
-Test swabs from mouth, eyes, nasopharynx; perform cultures/PCR.
-Treat infected newborns with IV acyclovir promptly
Hepatitis B:
Give hepatitis B vaccine and HBIG as soon as possible after birth if mother is HBsAg-positive
HIV:
Begin zidovudine (AZT) within 24 hours of birth for infants born to HIV-positive mothers
DEFINITION
Neonatal conjunctivitis (“ophthalmia neonatorum”):
Eye infection in newborns, often due to gonorrhea (early onset) or chlamydia (later onset)
Neonatal herpes:
Caused by HSV types 1 or 2, acquired during delivery or very rarely in utero
Neonatal syphilis:
Infection acquired from untreated maternal syphilis, can be congenital (passed before birth).
Hepatitis B and HIV:
Viral infections passed perinatally or via breastfeeding; infants at risk require early prophylaxis or treatment
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
Syphilis:
Often asymptomatic at birth; may later show rash, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, bone changes, or pseudoparalysis
Gonococcal conjunctivitis:
Red, purulent eye discharge within 2–5 days of birth; risk of corneal damage if untreated
Chlamydial conjunctivitis/pneumonitis:
Presents after about a week with eye discharge, and possibly pneumonitis later
Hepatitis B:
Infants often asymptomatic initially but at risk for chronic infection and liver disease
Neonatal HSV:
SEM type: skin, eye, mouth lesions.
Disseminated: systemic signs (liver, lungs, DIC).
CNS form: seizures, lethargy, tremors, temperature instability
HIV:
May be asymptomatic early; untreated, it progresses to immunodeficiency and serious infections
COMPLICATIONS
•
Syphilis:
Bone deformities, neurological deficits, anemia, death if untreated
•
Eye infections (gonorrhea, chlamydia):
Blindness if not treated promptly
•
HSV:
High morbidity/mortality especially in disseminated or CNS forms
•
Hepatitis B:
Development of chronic infection and liver complications
•
HIV:
Progresses to AIDS, severe infections, developmental issues
HEALTH EDUCATION
•
Prevention:
Promote routine antenatal STI screening and maternal treatment to reduce risk to newborn
•
Safe delivery
: Avoid invasive birth procedures in mothers with active HSV; consider C-section if lesions present
•
Prophylaxis:
Ensure newborn receives appropriate eye prophylaxis, vaccines, and medications right after birth.
•
Parental education:
Explain the potential risks, treatment plans, and need for follow-up.
•
Follow-up care:
Newborns treated for STIs must have clinical and sometimes serologic follow-up (e.g., syphilis titers)
•
Supporting feeding and development:
Monitor growth, nutrition, and developmental milestones when infections or treatments may interfere.