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CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION (CPD), FOR THE MOTHER, DEFINITION, COMBINATION…
CEPHALOPELVIC DISPROPORTION (CPD)
A condition where the baby’s head is too big (or wrongly positioned) to pass through the mother’s pelvis, causing difficulty or failure in vaginal birth.
CAUSES
Maternal (Pelvic factors)
Small or abnormally shaped pelvis (contracted pelvis).
Pelvic deformities (previous fracture, rickets, scoliosis).
Average-size baby + slightly narrow pelvis = mismatch.
Fetal (Head factors)
Large baby (macrosomia, e.g. in diabetes).
Hydrocephalus (excess fluid in baby’s brain → big head).
Malposition or malpresentation (occipito-posterior, brow, face).
COMPLICATIONS
Prolonged and obstructed labour.
Uterine rupture.
Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH).
Infection.
Maternal exhaustion.
MANAGEMENT
Careful monitoring of labour progress (partogram).
Adequate hydration and support.
If signs of CPD → stop trial of labour.
Monitor for complications (PPH, infection).
Emotional support to mother.
Identify risk factors (large baby, small pelvis).
Monitor growth with ultrasound.
Plan delivery (possible caesarean).
FOR THE MOTHER
FOR THE BABY
Fetal distress (lack of oxygen).
Birth trauma (head injury, nerve palsy).
Stillbirth or neonatal death.
DEFINITION
COMBINATION OR BOTH
Antenatal (before labour):
Intrapartum (during labour):
Postnatal: