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Alkenes, Alcohols, Halogenoalkanes, Alkanes, image, image, image, image,…
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Alcohols
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Practical Aspect
In EVERY organic reaction you produce side products which are not your products of interest for that reason we use Fractional or Simple distillation afterwards to separate our product of interest using its MP/BP
Syllabus Point: Understand the following techniques in the preparation and purification of a liquid organic compounds, 1.Heating Under Reflux , 2.Extraction with a solvent using a separating funnel , 3.Distilation , 4.Drying with an anhydrous salt, 5.Boiling temperature determination
Point 1
Either Reflux is performed first OR Distillation Depending on your desired product
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Point 2
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Point 3
This Could Be Step 1 Depending on your desired product
ammonia gas could escape from the condenser which is why sometimes its sealed
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Alkanes
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Cracking
Long chained alkanes "T or C"→ Shorter Alkane + Alkenes + Hydrogen
Thermal= 1000c and 70atm , Catalytic 450c and Zeolite
Reforming
Alkane "High temp, Platinum Catalyst" → Cycloalkane + Branched alkanes + Hydrogen
HOMOLYTIC=FREE RADICAL, HETEROLYTIC=IONS
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Methyl
when it comes to IUPAC naming, if two substituents have equal priority, you ignore how many there are and go strictly by alphabetical order for naming.