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Water&Life - Coggle Diagram
Water&Life
water properties that facilitate life
Cohesion behavior
Cohesive/Cohesion
Adhesion
Two or more
different
substances that form a bond
2 or more of the
same
substance forming a bond
can result in surface tension
H₂O-H₂O
Ability to moderate temperature
Thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another is defined as heat
A Calorie(cal) is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1c
1K Cal=1000calories
Specific Heat
Specific Heat of a substance is the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temp by 1C
The reason why water resists temp
△
△=change
Heat is absorbed when H⁺ bonds break
Heat is released when H⁺ bonds form
Heat of vaporization
-The heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas
Evaporative cooling
Expansion Upon freezing
hydrogen bonds keep the molecules far enough apart to make the ice ~10% less dense than liquid
versatality as a solvent
Solution is the mixture of agents
Sugar=solute
Solute is the substance
being dissolved
Water=solvent
Solvent is the substance
dissolving
An aqueous(aq) solution is one in which water is the
solvent
NaCl(aq)
Structure has polar & nonpolar region
Ionic compound dissolved in water→ions are surrounded by a sphere of water molecules
hydration shell
Hydrophobic
repels H2O
Non polar
Hydrophilic
water loving
attracted to H2O
polar
Avagadros Law(Na)
6.022E23
m=moles of a substance per liter(m=molesX/L)
Hydrogen Ion(H⁺)
Hydroxide(OH⁻)
Hydronium ion(H₃O⁺)
Acid
Substance that
increases
H⁺ concentration of a solution
A base
Substance that
reduces
H⁺ concentration of solution
Buffer
Substances that minimize changes in concentrations of H⁺ and OH⁻ in a solution
Carbon&molecular Density of Life
Organic Chemistry
Study of Compounds that contain Carbon
Because Carbon can form four bonds in an inexhaustible variety of organic molecules
Greatest diversity of organisms on planet is due to this
With 4 valence electrons, carbon can form 4 covalent bonds with a variety of atoms
Most frequent bonding partners of C are H,O,N
Hydrocarbon is hydrogen and carbons
Inorganic carbon=double covalent bond
Isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula but different structures and properties
Structural isomers
different covalent arrangement of their atoms
Cis-Trans Isomers(genetic Isomers)
Have same covalent bond but different spatial arrangements
Enantiomers
Isomers that are mirror images of eachother
Often only 1 enantiomer is biologically active
Functional groups
Components of organic molecules that are mostly involved in chemical reactions
Give each molecule unique properties
7 of them
ATP
an important source of energy for cellular process
Adenosine triphosphate
DNA Replication
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
DNA is found in the nucleus of the cell
Eukaryotic cells has a membrane bound nucleus
Prokaryotic does not have a membrane bound nucleus
RNA(ribonucleic acid)
Single strand
Made up of
A,U(uracil),G,C
DNA→RNA
A→U C→G
[AUG] [CUG] [AUU]
2 more items...
Protein Synthesis
DNA→mRNA→Protien
DNA→mRNA=Transcription
m=messanger
mRNA→Protien=Translation
Builds Chain of amino acids
RNA polymerase adds RNA bases
DNA is made up of two strands
Stands are a chain made up of nucleotides
Make up the intricate coding that makes each living thing unique
Family of nucleotides consist of T(thymine), A(adenine), G(guanine), C(Cytosine)
DNA→DNA
T→A G→C
Topoiomerase
Unwinds and relaxes the DNA
DNA Polymerase
Adds Corresponding DNA bases
5'→3'
DNA Helicase
Unzips DNA
DNA Ligase
adda/connects Okazaki Fragments by adding DNA bases
Okazaki Fragments are sections of DNA created by DNA Polymerase but only on lagging strands
Semi Conservative
1/2 old strands 1/2 new
Cycle of the Cell
3 main phases
Interphase(90%)
s=DNA replication
G1
G2
Mitosis
Made up of 4 phases
1.Prophase
Nuclear membrane dissolves. DNA condenses into chromosomes
Metaphase(middle)
chromosomes line up at the center of the cell (equator)
Anaphase
Chromosomes pull apart the cell
Telophase
3 more items...
Centrioles begin to move to polls
Cytokinesis
Cytoplasm completely pinches into a completion of 2 cells (daughter cell)