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INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY - Coggle Diagram
INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY
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Branches
Medical Microbiology
Study of microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi) causing infectious diseases in humans
Clinical Microbiology
Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases
General Microbiology
Taxonomy, morphology, pathogenesis, lab diagnosis, treatment.
Immunology
Immune system, mechanisms of infectious diseases, immunodiagnostics
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Systemic Microbiology
Organ system-based infections: Blood, GI, Skin/musculoskeletal, CNS, Respiratory, Urinary, Genital, Eye/Ear.
Koch’s Postulates
- Microorganism always present in disease lesions
- Must be isolated in pure culture.
- Disease reproduced in susceptible animal
- Same organism re-isolated
Later Addition: Antibody to organism present in patient serum.
Exceptions: M. leprae, T. pallidum, N. gonorrhoeae.
History & Contributors
- Leeuwenhoek (1676) → First to observe microorganisms (“little animalcules”)
- Edward Jenner (1796) → First vaccine (smallpox) using cowpox virus
- Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) → Father of microbiology, fermentation, Sterilization technique, pasteurization, Liquid media, germ theory, vaccines (anthrax, Chicken
cholera, rabies)
- Joseph Lister (1867) → Father of antiseptic surgery
- Robert Koch (1843-1910) → Koch’s postulates, discovered anthrax, TB, cholera bacilli, Solid media, agar, pure culture, hanging drop, Use aniline dye in staining
- Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) → Father of chemotherapy, Salvarsan for syphilis, Acid fastness
- Hans Christian Gram (1884) → Gram staining method
- Ernst Ruska (1931) → Electron microscope
- Alexander Fleming (1929) → Discovered penicillin
- Barbara McClintock → Transposons
- Kary B Mullis (1993) → Invented PCR