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legal issue - Coggle Diagram
legal issue
PDP（personal data protection）
Regulatory Framework
Malaysia: Personal Data Protection Act 2010 (PDPA)
European Union: General Data Protection Regulation
China (Alibaba context): Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL)
Stakeholders / Affected Parties
AirAsia:Passengers, loyalty programme members, employees, business partners (banks, travel agencies)
Alibaba:Online shoppers, merchants, delivery partners, employees, financial service partners
Data Held by the Company
AirAsia:Passenger names, contact details, passport numbers, payment and booking history
Alibaba: User accounts, delivery addresses, payment info (Alipay), shopping behavior, search and browsing history
PDP Initiatives / Company Policy
AirAsia:
Group-wide compliance with PDPA & GDPR
Clear consent forms for cross-company data sharing
Encryption of personal data at rest and in transit
Data minimisation and strict retention policies
Alibaba:**
Compliance with PIPL, GDPR for international users
Permission-based data collection for marketing and personalization
Use of AI to anonymize or aggregate data for analytics
Strong internal access controls and monitoring
Context – Data Sharing Across Group / Platform
AirAsia:
AirAsia Aviation Group:
flight operations, cargo, charter services
AirAsia SuperApp:
travel booking, e-commerce, ride-hailing, lifestyle services
BigPay:
digital payments, remittance, prepaid card services
AirAsia Credit Card:
co-branded card with banks
Data Sharing Examples:
bookings linked to operations, marketing, financial services, cross-service recommendations
Alibaba:
Alibaba e-commerce platforms (Taobao, Tmall):
integrates shopping, logistics, and payment (Alipay)
Alibaba Cloud:
stores data for AI services, analytics, and enterprise solutions
Data Sharing Examples:
shopping behavior informs personalized recommendations, targeted promotions, cross-platform marketing (e.g., from Taobao to Alipay financial offers), logistics partners access address data for delivery
IP (intellectual property)
Trademarks**
AirAsia:
“AirAsia” wordmark and logo (red-and-white livery, uniforms, marketing materials)
Registered in multiple jurisdictions under Capital A Berhad
Covers sub-brands: AirAsia SuperApp, BigPay, AirAsia X, Tune Protect
Alibaba:
“Alibaba”, “Taobao”, “Tmall” logos and wordmarks
Registered globally to protect brand identity
Covers sub-brands/platforms like Alipay, Cainiao, AliExpress
Purpose (both):
Protect brand identity and prevent unauthorised commercial use
Patents / Research Products*
AirAsia:
Digital booking systems, mobile app innovations (SuperApp integration)
Aircraft seat/cabin layout patents optimized for low-cost carriers
Alibaba:
Patents for e-commerce recommendation algorithms, payment security technologies (Alipay)
Logistics and supply chain optimization systems (Cainiao)
Copyright**
AirAsia:
Marketing content: videos, photographs, ads
Website design, SuperApp UI/UX, training manuals, inflight magazines
Alibaba:
E-commerce platform graphics, promotional videos, app UI/UX designs
Digital content for Taobao Live streaming, Alipay interfaces, marketing campaigns
IP to be Developed / Future IP
AirAsia:
AI-driven flight scheduling and predictive maintenance software (potential patents)
Copyrightable digital training modules for staff compliance/safety
Trade secrets: customer analytics and personalized marketing algorithms in SuperApp
Alibaba:
AI-driven product recommendation, personalized marketing algorithms
Blockchain-based payment and logistics solutions (potential patents)
Trade secrets: big data analytics of user behavior, targeted marketing strategies
e-commerce
technology and business
technological transformations adopted
AirAsia SuperApp
Predictive Maintenance Systems
hotel reservations
ride-hailing
e-commerce
food delivery
Predictive Maintenance Systems
Uses data analytics to anticipate and address aircraft maintenance needs
BigPay
Digital payment and remittance platform
Provides prepaid card services
AI-powered Chatbot (AVA)
Handles customer service queries
Supports booking changes