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Main Joints - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ligament: Posterior Cruciate - Stronger and prevent anterior displacement of femur on tibia and hyperflexion of knee joint
      - Muscle: Hamstring Group - Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Sartorius, Gastrocnemius, Popliteus
    - - Medial (Inward): Locking mechanism (Inactive Rotation) - Knee is fully extended and locks owing to medial rotation of femur on tibia. (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gracilis, Sartorius, Popliteus)
      - Lateral (Outward): Unlocking Knee Joint - Unlocked by popliteus muscle through lateral rotation of femur on tibia. (Biceps Femoris)
    - - Muscle: Quadriceps Femoris Group - Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius
      - Ligament: Anterior Cruciate - Stretched and prevent posterior displacement of femur on the tibia and hyperextension of knee joint
  - - - Tibial (Medial) Collateral Ligament: Extends from medial epicondyle of femur to medial condyle of tibia. Frequently torn. Medial meniscus firmly attached to the ligament
      - Fibular (Lateral) Collateral Ligament: Extends form lateral femoral condyle to fibular head
      - Patellar Ligament (Fibrous capsule): Continuation of quadricep tendon and attached to tibial tuberosity
      - Oblique Popliteal (Posterior) Ligament: Expansion of semimembranosus muscle
    - - Posterior Cruciate Ligament: Attached at posterior intercondylar region of tibia & ascends anteriorly to attach to the anteromedial femoral condyle
      - Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Attached at anterior intercondylar region of tibia (blends with medial meniscus) & ascends posteriorly to attach to femur in intercondylar fossa. Prone to be injured
      - Popliteus Tendon: Pass deep to collateral ligament separating from lateral meniscus
  - - - Main arteries from Popliteal Artery: Superior medial & lateral genicular artery, Middle (Posterior) genicular artery, Inferior medial & lateral genicular artery
      - Genicular anastomosis: Around the knee that provides collateral circulation Formed by genicular branches of femoral artery and popliteal artery. Contributions from anterior tibial recurrent artery and descending branch of circumflex femoral artery
- - - - Deltoid, Supraspinatus
    - - Posterior deltoid (spinal part), Teres major, Latissimus dorsi, Tricpes brachii
    - - Pectoralis major,Latissimus dorsi,Teres major,Triceps brachii
    - - Pectoralis major (clavicular head), Anterior deltoid (clavicular and anterior acromial parts), Coracobrachialis (assisted by biceps brachii)
- - - - Pubo-femoral ligament: Arises from iliopubic eminence and blends with medial part of iliofemoral ligament, Spans between superior pubic rami and intertrochanteric line of femur, Prevents over abduction & extension of femur
      - Ischio-femoral Ligament: Attached to ischium & greater trochanter of femur (spirals superolaterally to femur neck), Located posteriorly, Prevents hyperextension of joint
      - Ilio-femoral Ligament: Attached to anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS) to inter-trochanteric line, Y-shape, Prevent overextension, Injury site, Strongest
      - Ligamentum Teres Femoris: Ligament of femoral head carries branch of obturator artery, Transverse acetabular ligament bridging acetabular notch, Acetabular labrum on acetabular rim (easily dislocated), Limits adduction
  - - - Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery: - Penetrate through iliofemoral ligament
      - Profunda Femoris Artery: - Main branch of femoral artery, Rise to circumflex artery
      - Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery: - Responsible for majority of arterial supply. Damage causes avascular necrosis of femur head
      - Obturator Artery (Acetabular Branch): - Runs in ligamentum teres femoris, More important in children
    - - Femoral, Sciatic, Obturator, Superior Gluteal