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THE PARTICULATE MODEL OF MATTER(anna) - Coggle Diagram
THE PARTICULATE MODEL OF MATTER(anna)
brownian motion
brownian motion is a type of jerky motion or moves in a zig zag way
it is caused by uneven bombardment on the particles by the invisible molecules in air or water.
evidence presented by this type of jerky motion:pollen grains moving about continuously in a zig zag pattern
in kinetic theory of matter:
matter is made up of tiny particles
particles can be atoms, molecules and ions
these particles possess kinetic energy ,so they are in continuous random motion.
temperature
is a measure of average kinetic energy of particles in a substance
when the particles gain heat energy, their average kinetic energy increase, hence the temperature increases
when the particles lose heat energy,their average kinetic energy decreases,hence the temperature decreases.
physical states that have motion: solid,liquid and gas
liquid vibrate and move about freely in confined spaces
solid vibrate at their fixed positions only
gas vibrate and move in all directions at high speeds
factors affecting the particles
attractive forces
arrangement
space
motion
solid: can only vibrate in fixed positions
liquid:move about freely by sliding over one another
gas: move freely in all directions at high speeds
solid: closely packed together
liquid: quite closely together
gas: far apart
solid: orderly
liquid: disorderly
gas:disorderly
solid: very strong
liquid : moderately strong
weak
EXPERIMENT'S TO SHOW DIFFERENT AMOUNT OF SPACES BETWEEN PARTICLES
mixing equal volumes of different liquids
when 50 cm3 of liquid a is poured into 50cm3 of liquid b the total volume is less than 100cm3. As there are different amounts of spaces between liquid a and b .
the smaller particles can seep into the spaces between larger particles
EXPERIMENTS TO SHOW CONSTANT AND RANDOM MOTION OF PARTICLES
diffusion in a liquid
when some blue dyes are placed at one coner of a breaker filled with water,
after a while
the blue colour of the dyes
spread throughout
the water
this shows that the blues dye particles are in
constant and random motion
diffusion in a gas
the inverted upper jar is filled with air while the lower upper jar is filled with brown nitrogen dioxide gas.
the two jars are separated by a lid initially . when the lid is removed ,brown nitrogen dioxide gas occupies both jars completely quickly.
so the diffusion in gases is
very fast
because the
gaseous particles move
at a
higher speed in all the direactions.
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
does not have fixed shape
does not have fixed volume
can be compressed easily
can diffuse eaily
does not have fixed shape but takes the shape of containers
have fixed volume
cannot be compressed easily
When a substance is
cooled
, the particles
lose energy
. As a result, their
motion decreases
and they
come close
to one another.
As a result, the
distance
between them
decreases
and hence the
volume
occupied by the particles
decreases
has fixed shape
have fixed volume
cannot be compressed easily
have high densities
expansion during heating
the
distance
between them
increases
and hence the
volume
occupied by the particles
increases
.
When a substance is
heated
, its particles
gain energy to vibrate more vigorously
and
push
each other
away
,
