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History Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram
History Chapter 8
Expansion of the Cold War into Asia
USSR's atomic bomb
E.g.In August 1949, USSR successfully detonated it's first atomic bomb
-By late 1949 and early 1950, Stalin's decision to support Kim's request to invade South Korea became less difficult
Stalin and Mao Shifting their position on Korea
E.g.Initially before 1950, Stalin did not want to help Kim
-However developments in Cold war changed since control over North Korea would allow USSR to propagate communist ideology and counterbalance U.S influence in nearby Japan plus they signed the Sino-Soviet Treat of Friendship as mustual alliance in 1950
-Kim also managed to changed Stalin's mind about supporting the invasion showing he had good leadership and Mao was eager to show off China's new found strength on global stage
US response to communism in Asia and shift in position on Korea
E.g. Truman received reports from US spies that Stalin was using Cominform to empower countires using communism
-Truman and Acheson became convinced that Stalin was planning a global expansion of communism and were determined to stop it
-So they came up with National Security Council 69 to resolve the issue
Introduction to Korean War
Relationship between South Korea and the United States
E.g.US supported Syngman Rhee for president due to him being anti-communist and e fluent English speaker
-He eventually became president and US were to withdraw from South Korea by June 1949
-US continued to support Rhee because they were anti-communist and could prevent communist influence from North despite disagreements over Rhee's policies
North Korea under Kim II Sung
E.g.Kim II Sung used propaganda to cultivate a cult of personality around himself
-Kim isolated North Korea from external influences to maintain control and limit opposition
-Kim promoted idea of Korean reunification under his leadership, portraying himself as a good leader
Tensions bewteen North and South Korea
Division of Korean Peninsula
E.g.Stalin was relctant to help Kim since he did not want to stir up more trouble with US and not strain Soviet resources
-Truman also did not want to supply South Korea since he feared they would be used to invade North Korea
-In July 1949, South Korea attacked and sinked North Korea's coast fleet
-Fierce fighting eventually led to Korean Peninsula being divided by end of 1948
US and Soviet Disinterest in Korea
E.g.Dean Acheson made a speech in January 1950 emphasising the importance of Japan and the Philippines to the US
-He made it clear US forces would protect these areas however Korean Peninsula was missing from his speech
-Before 1949, Stalin was releuctant to support Kim in conquering South Korea as he did not want risk over direct military confrontation with US ad mainly cause fear of communism spreading led to concerns about domino effect
Aftermath
Impact of KW on North and South Korea
E.g.Many POWs died in captivity, topic remains sensitive to this day
-A significant amount of North Korean troops attempted to remain in South Korea
-Technically POWs was resolved but suspicions lingered if POWs might act against their own country due to potential brainwashing by the enemy creating fear
Impact of Korean War on US Foreign Policy
E.g.South Korea, Japan and Taiwan became central to US strategies with stationed troops and substantial air and naval presence
-US expanded it's network of alliances beyond NATO, establishing SEATO in Southeast Asia and CENTO in Central Asia and Middle East to combat communist influence
-In return for aid and support, SEATO and CENTO memeber nations suppressed communism domestically
-USSR viewed these alliances as aggressive and responded by forming the Warsaw Pact in 1955
Developments of the Korean War
Korean Armistice Agreement
E.g. War from 1951-1953
-Some people blamed Americans cause they were uncompromisable in the peace talks while others blamed Mao And Stalin since they wanted to tie down US forces and Mao wanted to give army combat experience
-Negotiations in July 1951 were not easy and they continued fighting before ceasefiring in July 1953
North Korea invading South Korea in June 1950
-On June 1950, North Korea invaded South Korea and Truman immediately sent help around Korea
-He also put enormous pressure on United States Security Council to condemn North Korean's actions and call on them to withdraw their troops
-US MacArthur deployed troops to Korea and troops from other countries contributed combat troops or provided medical services or transportation support to UN effort