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Introduction to Biostatistics & Types of Data - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Biostatistics & Types of Data
1-What is Statistics?
The science of:
-Collecting data
-Analyzing data
-Presenting data
-Interpreting data
2-Questions Statistics Help Answer
What data is needed?
How to organize and summarize it?
What are the appropriate analysis methods?
How certain or significant are the results?
3-Parameter vs Statistic
Parameter:
Numerical summary of a population
Statistic:
Numerical summary of a sample used to infer population characteristics
4-What is Biostatistics?
A branch of statistics focused on:
Health, medicine, and biology
Involves collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting biological data
5. 📈 Vital Statistics
Statistical data on life events such as:
Birth
Death
Marriage
6. 🧠 Importance of Statistics
A. In Research
Answers research questions
Example: Is there a link between smoking and heart disease?
B. In Practice & Policy
Guides decision-making in:
Patient care
Health programs
Resource allocation
7. 🔢 Types of Statistics
A. Descriptive Statistics
Organizes and summarizes sample data (e.g., mean, median)
Example: Mean age of children = 11 years
B. Inferential Statistics
Makes predictions or generalizations from a sample to a population
Example: Link between childhood abuse and risky behaviors in adolescence
8. 📥 Statistical Data
Raw numbers obtained from:
Measurement (e.g., weight)
Counting (e.g., number of patients)
9. 📌 Characteristics of Statistical Data
Numerically expressed
Collected systematically for a clear purpose
Can be compared and related
Influenced by multiple factors
10. 🧾 Data Classification
A. Constant Data
Fixed values (e.g., number of fingers)
B. Variable Data
Varies between individuals (e.g., age, weight)
11. 🧮 Types of Variables
A. Numerical (Quantitative)
Continuous: Measured, can have decimals (e.g., weight, height)
Discrete: Counted, whole numbers only (e.g., number of visits)
B. Categorical (Qualitative)
Nominal: Unordered categories (e.g., blood group)
Binary: Two options (e.g., smoker/non-smoker)
Multichotomous: More than two options (e.g., marital status)
Ordinal: Ordered categories (e.g., satisfaction level)