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Chapter 19 & 27 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Horizontal transmission: through damaged cell walls
      - Vertical transmission: inherited from a parent
  - - - Outbreaks are caused by existing viruses that evolve or combine
- - - - tranformation, transduction, or conjugation promotes adaptive evolution
  - - - obligate aerobes require O2
        
        obligate anaerobes are poisoned by O2, and facultative anaerobes can survive with or without O2
- - - - Extreme halophile
        
        Others live in moderate environments
- - - - Lytic: virulent or temperate phage, destruction of host DNA, new phages, lysis of host cell releases phages
      - Lysogenic: temperate phage only, genome integrates into chromosome as prophage, replicated and passed to daughter cells or induced to leave and initiate lytic cycle
    - - Retroviruses: use reverse transcriptase to copy thier RNA into host genome as a provirus
- - - - commensalism
        
        parasitism
- - - - DNA or RNA may be double or single stranded