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Mind Map, Types of Decisions, ., kế hoạch tổ chức, : - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Implement the policies and plans developed by top managers
    - - Supervise and coordinate the activities of operating employees
    - - Executives who manage the overall organization
  - - - An organizational system that interacts with its environment
    - - A system that does not interact with its environment
    - - system within another system
    - - Two or more subsystems working together to produce more than the total of what they might produce working alone
    - - A normal process leading to system decline
- - - - Sứ mệnh (Mission) – phạm vi hoạt động
      - Chiến lược (Strategic goals) – cấp cao
      - Chiến thuật (Tactical goals) – cấp trung
      - ác nghiệp (Operational goals) – cấp thấp
  - - - Chiến lược (dài hạn, toàn cục)
      - Chiến thuật (trung hạn, cụ thể)
      - Tác nghiệp (ngắn hạn, hẹp)
  - - - bản chất quản trị doanh nghiệp
        
        Chiến lược = Kế hoạch toàn diện
        
        Quản trị chiến lược = Hình thành + Triển khai
        
        Chiến lược hiệu quả = Phù hợp môi trường & mục tiêu
        
        thành phần:
        
        Năng lực vượt trội
        
        Phạm vi
        
        Phân bổ nguồn lực
- - - - Owners : Stakeholders, make major strategic decisions.
        
        Board of Directors : Oversee, provide direction and control to senior management.
        
        Employees : Workforce, influence productivity and organizational culture.
        
        Physical Work Environment : Workspace, facilities, influence work performance.
    - - Levels of International Business Operations
        
        Exporting: Selling goods abroad.
        
        Importing: Buying goods from abroad.
        
        Licensing: Allowing the use of technology/brand.
      - Disadvantages: Lack of flexibility.
    - - Theory X and Theory Y (McGregor)
        
        Theory X: People are lazy, do not like to work, need to be closely supervised.
        
        Theory Y: People like to work if the job is suitable, need to be encouraged and empowered.
        
        Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
        
        Levels of needs: Physiological, Safety, Social, Esteem, Self-actualization.
        Application: Satisfy psychological needs to increase productivity and work efficiency.
    - - Cultural Environment: A country’s language, values, symbols, and beliefs influence business behavior.
      - Controls on International Trade
        
        Tariffs: Import/export taxes.
        
        Quotas: Limits on the quantity of goods.
        
        Export Restraint Agreements.
        
        “Buy National” Legislation.
    - - General Environment
        
        Economic Dimension : Factors interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, economic growth. Affect the financial capacity and strategy of the organization.
        
        Technological Dimension : New technology trends, innovation. Impact on products/services and operating processes.
        
        Political-Legal Dimension : Laws, government regulations, tax policies. For example: Labor laws, environmental regulations.
      - Task Environment
        
        Economic Dimension : Factors: interest rates, inflation, exchange rates, economic growth. Affect the financial and strategic capabilities of the organization.
        
        Technological Dimension : New technology trends, innovation. Affect products/services and operating processes.
        
        Political-Legal Dimension : Laws, government regulations, tax policies. For example: Labor laws, environmental regulations.
- - - - Programmed decisions : A decision that is relatively structured or recurs with some frequency (or both)
      - Example: starting your car in the morning
      - Nonprogrammed decisions : A decision that is relatively unstructured and occurs much less often than a programmed decision
        
        Example: choosing a vacation destination
  - - - 1.Face the hard facts and build a culture in which people are encouraged to tell the truth, even if it’s unpleasant.
      - 2.Be committed to “fact-based” decision making—which means being committed to getting the best evidence and using it to guide actions.
      - 3.Treat your organization as an unfinished prototype—encourage experimentation and learning by doing.
      - 4.Look for the risks and drawbacks in what people recommend.
      - 5.Avoid basing decisions on untested but strongly held beliefs, what you have done in the past, or uncritical “benchmarking” of what winners do.
  - - - Delphi group
        A form of group decision making in which a group arrives at a consensus of expert opinion
      - Interacting group or team
        A decision-making group or team in which members openly discuss, argue about, and agree on the best alternative
      - Nominal group
        A structured technique used to generate creative and innovative alternatives or ideas