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NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
GENERAL BASIC EDUCATION LEVEL OF PANAMA
STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF BASIC EDUCATION
It is composed of
Three educational cycles that cover from first to ninth grade
PRESCHOOL
Intended for children from 4 to 6 years old
FIRST CYCLE OF GENERAL BASIC EDUCATION
It covers from first to sixth grade
SECOND CYCLE OF GENERAL BASIC EDUCATION
It covers the seventh to ninth grade
TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AT THE BASIC LEVEL
They are designed to be inclusive, dynamic and student-centered
CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH
Students build their own knowledge through interaction with their environment and reflection on their experiences
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Promotes group work and collaboration among students
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
Involves students in carrying out projects that integrate various areas of knowledge and are related to real-life situations
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT)
Allows teachers to use digital resources and educational platforms to enrich the teaching and learning process
CHALLENGES IN EQUITY AND ACCESS
INEQUALITY IN THE DISTRIBUSTION OF EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
Schools in urban areas generally have better infrastructure, access to technology, teaching materials, and trained teaching staff compared to schools in rural areas and indigenous communities
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS
Many low-income families struggle to cover the costs associated with education, such as uniforms, school supplies, transportation, and food
SCHOOL INFRASTRUCTURE
In many rural and marginalized areas, schools lack adequate facilities, including sufficient classrooms, sanitation, access to clean water and recreational spaces
TEACHER TRAINING AND RETENTION
The constant turnover of teachers affects the continuity and stability of the educational process, harming student learning
STUDENT PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
FORMATIVE EVALUATION
It aims to provide constant feedback to both students and teachers, allowing adjustments and improvements in teaching and learning strategies
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
Its purpose is to measure the level of achievement of students in relation to the established curricular objectives
NATIONAL STANDARDIZED ASSESSMENTS
They aim to measure students' academic performance in key areas such as mathematics, science, language and social studies
PROGRAMS AND RESOURCES
SCHOOL FOOD PROGRAM (PAE)
Provides nutritious meals to public school students
PROGRAM OF TEXTS AND EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
Ensures that all students have access to the textbooks and materials necessary for their learning
THE TEACHER TRAINING PROGRAM
It offers ongoing training and professional development to teachers, focusing on new teaching methodologies, the use of educational technologies, and strategies for inclusion and attention to diversity
THE CONNECT TO KNOWLEDGE PROGRAM
Provides access to computers, tablets and internet connection in schools, as well as training for teachers in the use of digital tools
SCHOOL FOR ALL PROGRAM
It offers guidance and psychological support services to students, as well as training for teachers in managing diversity in the classroom
SCHOOL FOR PARENTS PROGRAM
Offers workshops and activities that educate parents on how to support their children's learning and development at home
INNOVATIONS AND TRENDS IN BASIC EDUCATION
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
GAMIFICATION OF LEARNING
SOCIOEMOTIONAL EDUCATION
SECONDARY EDUCATION LEVEL IN PANAMA
STUDENT PROFILE
A SOLID KNOWLEDGE BASE IN VARIOUS AREAS
Mathematics, science, social studies, language and literature, and other specific fields depending on the technical or academic orientation chosen
COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Be able to express their ideas clearly and effectively
ETHICAL AND CITIZENSHIP TRAINING
Values such as responsibility, respect, tolerance and commitment to the community
PROFICIENCY OF A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Especially English
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE
Includes a series of activities and programs designed to guide students in exploring diverse career options
EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
It involves the development of an academic plan that allows students to achieve their vocational goals
CURRICULUM AND SPECIFIC SUBJECTS
COMMON AREA
It includes compulsory subjects that form the basis of general knowledge that all students must acquire
Mathematics, natural sciences, language and literature, and social studies
TECHNICAL AREA
It offers a variety of specific subjects that allow students to focus on areas of particular interest that can prepare them for the job market or for higher education
Information technology, graphic design, management techniques, accounting, and tourism, among others.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
PARENTS AND GUARDIANS' INVOLVEMENT
Parents share their concerns, collaborate in decision-making, and become informed about the curriculum and educational policies
COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS
They offer additional resources and programs that enrich the students' educational experience
LOCAL BUSINESSES
They allow students to learn about the world of work, explore possible careers, and acquire practical skills that are valued in the job market
EDUCATIONAL AUTHORITIES AND GOVERNMENT ENTITIES
They provide resources and facilitate programs that support the operation of schools
They include guidelines for curriculum development, assessment of school performance, and strengthening of educational infrastructure
STUDENT PARTICIPATION
Students have the opportunity to get involved in student councils, school clubs, and extracurricular activities that allow them to develop leadership, teamwork, and organizational skills
CHALLENGES OF THE TRANSITION FROM BASIC TO SECONDARY EDUCATION
THE CHANGE IN THE LEVEL OF DIFFICULTY OF THE SUBJECTS
EMOTIONAL SCOPE
ADJUSTMENT IN TEACHING METHODOLOGIES
CONTINUITY IN THE LEARNING PROCESS
STUDENT MOTIVATION
TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION
An essential process that offers numerous opportunities to enhance learning and prepare students for the future
It presents challenges such as the digital divide, the responsible use of technology and the management of technological resources
It includes access to innovative educational resources, the development of technological skills, and the incorporation of emerging tools such as augmented reality and virtual reality
HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL IN PANAMA
ACADEMIC OFFER AND TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS
ACADEMIC OFFERS
DEGREE
Duration of four to five years
They cover a wide range of disciplines, including social sciences, engineering, medicine, architecture and business
MASTERY
Duration of one to two additional years after the bachelor's degree
They focus on deepening knowledge in specific areas and training professionals capable of leading in their respective fields
DOCTORATE
Oriented towards advanced research and the production of new knowledge in specialized areas
TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS
TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING INSTITUTES
Focused on providing practical and technical training in specific fields
UNIVERSITIES
The most complete institutions in terms of academic offeringsa
NON-UNIVERSITY HIGHER EDUCATION CENTERS
They offer training programs in specific areas or of short duration
ACCESS AND EQUITY
ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION IN PANAMA
ADMISSION PROCESS
Presentation of a high school diploma
Interviews
Specific exams for certain careers
EQUITY
The National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation (SENACYT) Scholarship Program
Inclusion of historically disadvantaged groups, such as women, indigenous peoples, and people with disabilities
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INSTITUTIONS
Fundamental for the advancement of knowledge, innovation and the improvement of educational quality
They play a crucial role in generating knowledge through their research activities
Oriented towards academic production and the resolution of specific problems
NTERNATIONALIZATION AND STUDENT MOBILITY
INTERNATIONALIZATION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN PANAMA
Student and faculty exchanges, joint research projects, and dual degree programs
It includes international academic cooperation, the creation of alliances with foreign universities, and participation in global academic networks
STUDENT MOBILITY
It refers to the ability of students to study in different educational institutions at national and international level during their academic training
Students can attend courses, workshops, and seminars at different universities
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES
ALLOCATION OF PUBLIC RESOURCES
The state budget allocated to higher education is often subject to limitations and restrictions, which can lead to insufficient funding to meet all the needs of institutions
THE COST OF TUITION AND EXPENSES ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER EDUCATION
Although some public universities offer free or reduced-cost education, additional expenses such as books, materials, and transportation can still be a significant burden for students and their families
SUSTAINABILITY
It refers to the ability of an institution to sustain itself financially
Ability to innovate, adapt to changes in the educational environment and continue to provide high-quality education
UNIVERSITY-BUSINESS LINKAGE AND SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
APPLIED RESEARCH PROJECTS
Universities work with companies to solve specific problems, develop new technologies or improve industrial processes
INTERNSHIP AND PRACTICE PROGRAMS
Internships allow students to gain work experience in companies and establish professional contacts in their field of study
THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES AS DRIVERS OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Many universities in Panama are located in different regions of the country, and their activities can have a significant impact on local economic development
NON-REGULAR EDUCATION SUBSYSTEM OF PANAMA
DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF THE SUBSYSTEM
A key entity within the national education system, designed to provide education and training to those without access to formal education
It encompasses an inclusive and flexible approach
Its scope extends to various forms of education that seek to meet the needs of the most vulnerable students and promote their social and labor integration
MODALITIES AND FORMATS
The main modalities
ADULT EDUCATION
Aimed at people over 15 years of age who have not completed their basic education and who wish to resume their studies to improve their employment and personal opportunities
They offer courses covering everything from basic literacy to the completion of secondary education
EDUCATION FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES
Designed to provide inclusive education to individuals with different types of disabilities
They are equipped with specialized resources and trained staff to address the diverse needs of students and foster an accessible and equitable educational environment
HOMESCHOOLING
Allows parents or guardians to take responsibility for their children's education
It offers great flexibility in terms of schedules and teaching methods, allowing families to adapt the educational process to the individual needs of students
TECHNICAL AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN VULNERABLE SITUATIONS
Focused on offering technical and vocational training to young people who, due to their socioeconomic background, face barriers to accessing formal education
They are usually short and are designed in collaboration with the productive sector to ensure that the content is relevant to the labor market.
INCLUSION AND ACCESS
THE INCLUSION
It refers to the effort to create an educational environment in which all individuals
It is manifested in the adaptation of curricula, methodologies and educational materials so that they are suitable for all students
ACCESS
It focuses on eliminating barriers that prevent certain groups of the population from accessing educational opportunities
Offering classes with flexible schedules that meet the needs of working adults
The implementation of policies that facilitate the enrollment of students with disabilities in educational institutions
EVALUATION AND ACCREDITATION
THE EVALUATION
Uses various tools and techniques to collect data on the effectiveness of the programs
INTERVIEWS
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
SURVEYS
ACCREDITATION
Ensures that the programs and educational centers that offer them meet minimum quality requirements
CURRICULUM
STAFF
RESOURCES
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
CHALLENGES
The limitation of resources
Low student participation
Curricular adaptation to meet the diverse needs of students
Continuing education of educational staff
Strengthening public policies that support non-regular education
OPPORTUNITIES
The potential for educational innovation
Social inclusion
Leveraging students' life experience
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
THE MAIN TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN NON-REGULAR EDUCATION
ONLINE LEARNING
They facilitate the creation of online courses, the management of educational materials, and interaction between students and teachers
MOODLE
GOOGLE CLASSROOM
EDMODO
THE USE OF OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES (OER)
Teaching, learning, and research materials that are available for free and legal use
DISTANCE EDUCATION
Allows students to participate in educational programs without having to attend in-person classes
THE USE OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS
They allow access to educational resources, practice activities, and assessment tools that can complement Non-Regular Education programs
THE INTEGRATION OF ONLINE COLLABORATION TOOLS
They allow students and educators to collaborate on projects, share documents, and communicate effectively, regardless of their physical location
Tools like Google Docs, Slack, and Microsoft Teams
DATA-DRIVEN LEARNING IS AN EMERGING TREND
It allows educators to monitor student progress, identify areas of difficulty, and adjust educational programs in real time
LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATIONS IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
LEGISLACION NACIONAL EN TECNOLOGIA EDUCATIVA
Law 24 of 2006
This law aims to create a regulatory environment that encourages the development, implementation and use of ICTs in various sectors, including education
Law 51 of 2005
Defines the general guidelines of the national education system, including the incorporation of new technologies as a strategic aspect for the modernization and improvement of educational processes
Executive Decree No. 2 of 2018
Establishes the Regulations for the Use of Technological Resources in the National Education System
REGULATIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
INTERNAL REGULATIONS FOR THE USE OF TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES IN THE NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
Establishes the principles and procedures for the implementation of technological resources in educational institutions
THE NATIONAL PLAN FOR EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Promotes ongoing training for teachers in the use of educational technologies, providing workshops, courses, and support resources to improve their skills in integrating technology into the classroom
THE GUIDE TO USING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LEARNING
Provides practical guidelines for teachers on how to incorporate technologies into their lesson plans, including strategies for using online learning platforms, educational applications, and multimedia resources
SAFETY RULES FOR USING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Measures are established to protect student privacy and ensure safe use of technologies in the educational environmen
COPYRIGHT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL CONTENT
A set of legal rights that grant creators of original works control over the use and distribution of their creations
It establishes that works are protected from the moment of their creation, without the need for formal registration
Fair use principle, which allows limited use of protected works without the explicit permission of the author in certain cases
They involve the creation of institutional policies that regulate the use of digital content
SECURITY AND ETHICS POLICIES
SECURITY POLICIES
They focus on protecting the information of students, teachers and institutions
Ley de Protección de Datos Personales
Ensures that the personal data of students and educational staff are handled securely and in accordance with current regulations
ETHICS
It is essential to promote responsible and fair use of digital tools in the classroom
The Code of Professional Ethics for Teachers
This code guides teachers on how to maintain professional and ethical conduct in their educational practices, including the use of digital technologies
QUALITY AND EVALUATION STANDARDS IN TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES
QUALITY STANDARDS
Quality Model for Digital Educational Resources
Establishes specific criteria that digital educational resources must meet to be used in educational institutions
International Association of Technology and Engineering Educators Technology Literacy Standards
Provides a framework for assessing technology and engineering content in education
EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES
It can be done through various methodologies
FORMATIVE
During the use of technological resources and are designed to provide continuous feedback on their effectiveness
SUMMATIVE
They are carried out at the end of a period of use to determine the overall impact of technological resources on the educational process
DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY
PRINCIPLES OF PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN EDUCATION
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY
It establishes that the processing of personal data must be carried out in accordance with current legislation
THE PRICIPLE OF PURPOSE
It establishes that the information collected about students must be used exclusively for educational purposes
DATA QUALITY
Demand that personal data be accurate, complete and up-to-date
THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY
Implementation of appropriate technical and organizational measures, such as the use of secure management systems, data encryption, and staff training in data security practices
THE PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSIBILITY
Educational institutions are responsible for ensuring that all activities related to the management of personal data are carried out in accordance with legal regulations and best practices in data protection
MANAGEMENT OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION IN EDUCATIONAL PLATFORMS
Protection against external threats
Technical security measures
Access management
User training and awareness
The documentation
STUDENT CONSENT AND PRIVACY CONTROL
Ensuring that these principles are applied effectively not only complies with legal regulations, but also fosters an educational environment that respects and protects the privacy of all users
They are based on fundamental data protection principles, including obtaining informed and voluntary consent, transparency in data handling, and the right of students to control their personal information
These are essential aspects in the management of personal data on educational platforms
RISKS AND THREATS TO DATA SECURITY IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS
THE CYBERATTACK
Includes a variety of methods used by attackers to gain unauthorized access to systems and data
RANSOMWARE ATTACKS
It endangers data and can disrupt educational operations
PHISHING ATTACKS
They are carried out through fraudulent emails or messages that trick users into revealing confidential information
HUMAN ERRORS
They may include unintentional disclosure of information, incorrect data entry, or improper management of password security
GOOD PRACTICES IN COLLECTION AND USE
Data minimization
Transparency
Secure storage
Periodic evaluation