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W2 (HPG-Axis), Cortisol, Inflammation, Drugs, Metabolic status (blood…
W2
HPG-Axis
Hypothalamus
Infundibular nucleus (arcuate nucleus)
GnRH
-producing neurons
Via hypophyseal portal system
Anterior Pituitary
Stimulate
gonadotropic
cells
(Gonadotropins)
FSH
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LH
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Females (cyclical)
Follicular Phase (days ~1-14)
Low levels of sex steroids (
estrogen
and
progesterone
)
Shedding of the uterine lining (
menses
)
Minimal negative feedback of
hypothalamus
Tonic
GnRH
secretion
Stimulate anterior pituitary
Gonadotrophs
Rising levels of
FSH
(slightly favoured)
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LH
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LH
surge
(bigger)
Graafian
follicle
ruptures and releases oocyte
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FSH
surge (smaller due to Inhibin B's effects)
Luteal Phase (days ~14-28)
Ovulation leaves behind remnants of ruptured follicle containing
theca
and
granulosa
cells
They differentiate into
luteal
cells
Accumulate lipid droplets (cholesterol for steroid synthesis)
Transform into
corpus luteum
Very high levels of
progesterone
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Estrogen
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Inhibin A
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Cortisol
Inflammation
Drugs
Metabolic status (blood glucose)
With help from
LH
surge