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Abnormal Psychology, w1: Intro to Abnormal Psych, W2: Assessment and…

- - - - CBT
      - Relaxation strategies
      - EMDR for trauma
      - Interpersonal for depression
- - - - More interested in underlying processes and how that might be contributing to development of mental health condition
- - - - social support networks
      - access to community care
      - structural benefits - income, healthcare
    - - exposure to trauma
      - diet, substance use
      - poor access to healthcare
      - racism
- - - - combines assessment or symptoms screening w clin interviews
    - - structured
        
        ask quesitons directly correlating to criteria
      - semi-structured
        
        more flexibility
    - - diagnostic criteria will be met for diagnosis however the context of the symptoms need to be taken into consideration
    - - Not widely used
      - limitation of psychiatry
      - some may be used for some conditions (eg EEG for ADHD but not recommended in DMS-5)
      - research interested in use of measures such as fMRI to determine diagnoses
- - - - International classification of diseases revision WHO
        
        Complex pstd (unique to ICD)
      - aims to code health statistics
    - - diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, american psychiatric association
      - aims to aid clinicians in dev treatment
      - reflects history and changes in time
      - diagnoses categorical with SOME dimensional elements
      - moving towards considering genetics + shared combos ie; anxiety and depression
    - - 31 almost identical
      - major diff in less than 20% of disorders, becomming more unified
- - - - few biological measures exist
        
        majority of conditions rely on self-report
        
        misdiagnosis
        
        symptom clusters may be misattributed
      - of DSM diagnoses
        
        determined by 'consensus'
        
        may not capture all diagnoses
        
        may not accurately capture diagnoses that are there
  - - - Co-morbid = at least two conditions
      - Multi-morbidity = more than 2 conditions
    - - lack of consensus on which clusters go where and how to apply?
- - - - psychological stressors and features of vulnerability/resilaiance
        
        stressor and challenges in social enviornment
        
        role of religion, family, relationships, social netowrks
        
        W clinician, treatment team and institution
        
        racism
        
        discrimination
        
        trauama
        
        impacts trust, safety, treatment
        
        systematic racism in healht
    - - cultural idoms of distress, cultural sydnromes, cultural perceived causes
      - level of severity assessed in relation to patients cultural context
      - Karoshi = Burn out (both overwork, japan v aus)
      - Important in diagnosis to:
        
        idneitfy concerns of individual
        
        avoid misdiagnosis
        
        obtain clinically relevant info
        
        improve therapeutic engagement + rapport
- - - - Natural Enviornment
        
        heights
      - Blood, Injection, injury
        
        Needles
      - Situational
        
        planes, escalators
      - Animal
    - - ie; can't go to work in elevator
    - - some fears high prevalence in children, most cases rep transitory phenomena ie; they grow out of it
      - small subgorup these fears become chronic due to conditioning
        
        ie; mum and dad scared of flying that fear has been conditioned and modelled to you
  - - - avoid parties
      - avoid applying for new jobs
    - - decreases after 65yrs