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Chapter 16 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 16
DNA Replication Process
Location
DNA replication only happens in the nucleus.
Topoisomerase
Unwinds the DNA to relieve strain ahead of the replication fork.
Helicase
Unzips the DNA strands by breaking hydrogen bonds.
Primase
Enzyme that lays down the primer (a short RNA sequence) to tell DNA where to begin replication.
DNA Polymerase
Adds new DNA bases in the 5’ to 3’ direction; has a proofreading ability to catch errors.
DNA Polymerase I
Removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA.
DNA Ligase
Connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand.
DNA Structure and Components
Nucleotide
Made of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.
Purines
Adenine and Guanine (double-ringed).
Pyrimidines
Cytosine and Thymine (single-ringed).
Telomeres
Special nucleotide sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes.
Chromatin Structure and Related Concepts
Euchromatin
Loosely packed chromatin; more transcriptionally active.
Heterochromatin
Highly condensed chromatin in some interphase regions.
Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect bacteria.
DNA Replication Models and Repair
Semiconservative Model
Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.
Nucleotide Excision Repair
A nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged DNA segments.