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A1.IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITIES, IMPACT ON THE PEOPLE LIVING IN…
A1.IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE CITIES
1.Clearing of natural vegetation to build roads, nodes (stations), tracks
Restrict animal movement
Animals become lost and die of roadkill
Size of animal habitats become smaller
Forests become smaller
2.Modify landforms (slopes / mountains / river)
water in river is diverted to create tunnels to connect different train
station
Mountainous islands are levelled to create airports / runways (Eg HK
International Airport)
Increased carbon footprint
Petrol burnt to provide energy
high green house gas emissions
trap more
heat
increase Earth’s temperature
enhanced greenhouse effect
global
warming.
As cities grow
more travels
increasing carbon footprint
The measure of greenhouse gases emitted to support human activities
Transport activities account for 25-30% of all greenhouse gas emission.
IMPACT ON THE
PEOPLE
LIVING IN THE CITIES
SAFETY RISKS
• Occurrence of road accidents = affect healthcare, damage to property
& life
• Overcrowding in public transport during peak hour = Risk of crimes
like theft, outrage of modesty and targets for terrorist attacks
MOBILITY
• The ability of people and goods to move from place to place
• Allows people to access basic goods and services
• Facilitate interactions
• Barrier-free transport system: wheelchair-accessible buses; lifts; ramps;
tactile indicators
• Age-friendly transport system: e.g. Silver Zone (pg 130)
HEALTH RISKS
• Caused by SMOG
• air pollution produced by vehicle exhaust = increase
health problems like asthma, eye irritation, lung
infection.
• Noise pollution leading to hearing impairment &
trigger heart-related illness
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
• Happens when road usage exceeds road capacity
• High volume of vehicles + slow speed = congestion = longer travelling times
= reach work late = low productivity
• Long travelling times = drivers become frustrated = display aggressive
behavior = mental stress
• Long travelling times = lose concentration = risk of traffic accidents
• More fuel is burnt and wasted = higher carbon emission = increase carbon
footprint and worsen air quality