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Chapter 2: How did SG become a British trading spot? - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 2: How did SG become a British trading spot?
Why did the British become more involved in Southeast Asia in the 19th century?
Importance of the India-China trade
Much of India was under control of the British East India Company
Trade between India and China was EIC's major source of income
EIC send cotton and opium from India, wool from Britain, to China
EIC bought tea, silk and porcelain from China
To protect the trade, British ahd to control the straits of Melaka
Interest in the spice trade
Spices such as Cinnamon, Pepper and nutmegs were valuable
They were used for
Cooking
Medicine
Preserving food
Because spices were valuable spice trade was successful / flourishing and the EIC wanted a share
What types of spices were traded by the Europians?
Spices: --------------- How to remember:
Cinnamon --------------- Cows
Cloves ------------------- Can
Mace -------------------- Make
Nutmeg ---------------- Nutella
Pepper ---------------- Pancakes
Why did the British established a trading post in SG?
Problems faced by the British EIC in Southeast Asia?
Dutch control of the spice trade
The Dutch East India Company had full control of the trade in Cloves, Mace and Nutmeg
Dutch took over Melaka in 1641 and changed trade routes to Sunda Straits
Dutch controlled trades along Sunda Straits and Melaka by 19th century
British could only trade in Bencoolen
Unsuitability of existing Britsh ports
Britsh had 2 trading ports, Penang and Bencoolen after 1786
Bencoolen was not along the main trading route
Penang was too far north two control the Straits of Melaka and to protect the British ships
Sustainability of SG
SG's natural resources
Abundance of drinking water
Has timber to prepare ships
SG's strategic location
Has a natural sheltered harbour
Located at the entrance of the Straits of Melaka, which is the right spot to be as a centre of trade
What did the british do to develope SG as a settlement between 1819 and 1826?
Sir Stanford Raffles
Visited SG 3 times
Unhappy with Farquar and banned hin from coming to SG
Designed SG town plan, allocated areas to different ethnic groups
Shut down gambling dens
Set up a botanic garden around Government Hill to grow cash crops such as cloves and nutmegs
Dr John Crawfurd
Second Resident of SG
Reintroduced public gambling and sale of opium
Use profits to run SG smoothly
Maintained free trade
Introduced the first newspaper and street lighting
Helped in the signing of 1824 Treaty of friendship and Alliance, where Sultan Hussein and Temenggong handed over control of SG to the EIC
Major William Farquar
First resident of SG
Set up defence position at SG river and Government hill with 100 sepoys
British made SG a free port; Farquar placed a British offical on St John's Island to inform passing ships about this, attracting many traders
Attracted many traders from Melaka to SG. This solved SG's food shortage issues
Sold licenses for gambling to raise funds for police force