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factors influencing medication safety - Coggle Diagram
factors influencing medication safety
individual patient/family member
individual (patient/family) factors that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient outcomes
Patient does not know what the medication is for and/or how to take it (Vaismoradi et al., 2020)
Patient is not asked about allergies (Kiechle et al., 2017)
individual (patient/family) factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Patient / consumer knowledge e.g. they know what medications they take and how to take them
Patient / consumer involvement e.g. they are involved with medication administration e.g. asks questions about their medication
individual healthcare provider
individual health care professional factors that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient outcomes
The health care professional is stressed or fatigued (Mieiro et al., 2019) or experiencing cognitive overload (Bucknall et al., 2019)
The health care professional lacks knowledge (Afaya et al., 2021; Mieiro et al., 2019; Schroers et al., 2021)
individual health care professional factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Nurse is knowledgeable about medications and seeks information if unfamiliar with a drug
Nurse uses clinical reasoning processes to prevent medication errors (Dickson & Flynn, 2012)
team
of team factors that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient outcomes
Poor interdisciplinary collaboration e.g. Lack of understanding of health care professional roles
Poor communication amongst the team e.g. change in patient’s condition / medication not communicated
team factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Staff check with pharmacist re the order or drug interactions
Two nurses double check high-risk medications before administration
task
task factors that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient outcomes
Mixing up with medication preparations that have similar names or similar packaging when preparing a medication for administration
task factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
task factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Clearly labelled medication preparations (Tong et al., 2021)
Supportive technology e.g. bar code scanning (Orbaek et al., 2015).
Support systems for medication administration (Lapkin et al., 2019) including electronic medical records (Ratanto et al., 2021)
enviroment
environmental factors that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient
outcomes
Frequent interruptions whilst administering medications (Alteren et al., 2021; Suclupe et al., 2020)
environmental factors that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Minimise avoidable interruptions during medication administration
cycle (Alteren et al., 2021)
Appropriate adequate staffing (van Beuzekom et al., 2010)
system/organizational
that may lead to medication errors or unsafe patient outcomes
Look-alike and sound-alike drug names can contribute to wrong drug errors (Bryan et al., 2020)
that may lead to safer patient outcomes
Legislative requirements e.g. Medicines and Poisons Act 2019 (Queensland Government, 2019)
Health professional standards e.g. NSQHS Standard 4 - medication safety (ACSQHC, 2021b)
National inpatient medication charts and chart audits (ACSQHC, 2021b)
Improved package design and labelling of medication (Endestad et al., 2016; Tong et al., 2021)