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The Molecular basis of inheritance - Coggle Diagram
The Molecular basis of inheritance
Discovery of DNA as Genetic Material
Frederick Griffith
Pathogens/Microorganisms that cause disease.
Experiment with mice
Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty
Scientists that expanded on pathogens based on Fredrick Griffith work
Discovered transformation/Genetic Info can be transfered by
Bacteria
Single-celled organisms
Viruses
infectious particles made of genetic material and a protein coat
Bacteriophages
Viruses that infect and replicate within bacteria.
Components of Viruses
RNA or DNA
core surrounded by a protein shell/Capsid
Some have envelopes made of lipids
Hershey-Chase Experiment
Used to obtain a better understanding of DNA
Used radioactive isotopes
label DNA
Proved DNA is genetic material
Components of DNA was found
A phosphate group
A deoxyribose sugar
A & T
%A = %T
C & G
%C = %G
Rosalind Franklin
Took the famous Photo 51 using X-ray crystallography.
X-ray Crystallography
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Watson and Crick
molecular biologists built the first accurate model of DNA
Used Franklin’s X-ray data
Proposed the double helix structure of DNA
resembles a twisted ladder or spiral staircase
DNA Replication
DNA
Watson and Crick’s Semiconservative Model
Semiconservative Model/Correct
one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
Conservative Model
entire original DNA molecule is conserved, and a completely new copy is made.
Dispersive Model
The original DNA is broken into pieces, and new DNA is synthesized in segments.
Origins of Replication
Specific sequences in the DNA where replication begins.
Replication Fork
Y-shaped region at each end of the bubble
Helicases
Breaks down hydrogen bonds
Single-Strand Binding Proteins (SSBs)
Bind to the separated DNA strands
Topoisomerase
Prevents overwinding and tangling ahead of the replication fork
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Leading Strand
direction toward the replication fork.
On Top
Lagging Strand away from the fork,
Okazaki Fragments/formed on the lagging strand.
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Replication Bubble
unwound section of DNA formed at the origin
Genetic material
The biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule
Chromatin Structure
Chromatin
Histones
Positively charged proteins that DNA wraps around
eutralize the negative charge of DNA
Nucleosome
he basic unit of chromatin
Euchromatin
Loosely packed chromatin.
Transcriptionally active
Heterochromatin
Densely packed chromatin.
genes are tightly coiled and inaccessible.
Found in centromeres
packages DNA into a compact, organized form
Allows DNA to fit inside the nucleus