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Etymology, Affix, Cognates:, Syntax, Social Attitudes - Coggle Diagram
Etymology
Definition:
The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.
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Examples: -Salary: Comes from the Latin word salarium, which referred to the money Roman soldiers were paid to buy salt. -Nice: Originally meant "ignorant" or "foolish" in Latin (nescius). Over time, its meaning shifted through French to denote something pleasant or agreeable. -“Night” from Old English niht
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Characteristics:
-Involves changes in spelling and meaning over time
-Word origin
-Involves historical linguistics
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Affix
Definition: A word part added to the beginning or end of a root word to change its meaning or function.
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Characteristics: -Can be a prefix or a suffix -Changes the meaning or function of a word -More than one can be used in a word
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Cognates:
Definition: Words in two or more languages that have a common origin and often look and sound similar, with the same or similar meanings.
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Examples:
-Animal (English) & animal (French)
-Music (English) & música (Spanish)
-Brother (English) & Bruder (German)
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Characteristics:
-May have similar spelling and pronunciation
-Helps language learners recognize vocabulary
-Can be true cognates (same meaning) or false cognates (look alike, but different meaning)
Non-examples: -English: "exit" vs. Spanish: "éxito" (meaning "success") -English: "carpet" vs. Spanish: "carpeta" (meaning "folder") -English: "mercy" vs. French: "merci" (meaning "thank you")
Syntax
Definition: Syntax is the set of rules that govern the structure and order of words in sentences. It determines how sentences are formed in a language.
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Examples: -Subject-verb agreement -Correct sentence structure -Types of sentences (simple, compound, complex, & compound-complex)
Non-examples:
-Pronunciation rules
-Incorrect word order that disrupts the meaning of sentences
-Individual words
Social Attitudes
Definition: The evaluations, feelings, and tendencies toward social objects, such as people, groups, or ideas, by an individual or that are shared by a group of people. They reflect how people perceive and respond to social situations.
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Characteristics:
-Can be positive, negative, or neutral
-May be implicit or explicit
-Shaped by culture, experience, and upbringing
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Non-examples:
-A biological trait
-A personal preference for a type of food
-A temporary physical state like being tired
