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Cardiovascular Drugs - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Anticlotting
        
        Arterial + Venous Thromboses
        
        Anticoagulants
        
        Warfarin
        
        Therapy
        
        Indications
        
        3 more items...
        
        Adverse
        
        1 more item...
        
        Contraindications
        
        4 more items...
        
        Drug interactions
        
        1 more item...
        
        Antidote
        
        Drugs
        
        3 more items...
        
        MOA (PCC/FFP)
        
        2 more items...
        
        Indications
        
        1 more item...
        
        Heparins
        
        Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)
        
        Adverse
        
        4 more items...
        
        Antidote
        
        1 more item...
        
        MOA
        
        3 more items...
        
        Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs)
        
        Drugs (-Parin)
        
        4 more items...
        
        MOA
        
        2 more items...
        
        Direct Thrombin Inhibitors
        
        Therapy
        
        Bivalent
        
        2 more items...
        
        Monovalent
        
        2 more items...
        
        Antidote
        
        Drugs
        
        1 more item...
        
        MOA
        
        2 more items...
        
        Thrombolytics (Fibrinolytics)
        
        Drugs
        
        Streptokinase
        
        t-PA Derivatives (Alteplase)
        
        Urokinase
        
        Arterial Thromboses
        
        Antiplatelet
        
        Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
        
        Drugs
        
        Abciximab :red_flag:
        
        Eptifibatide
        
        Tirofiban
        
        Indications
        
        Adjunct in Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angiography (PTCA)
        
        Angioplasty (PCI)
        
        Acute Coronary Syndrome
        
        Adverse
        
        Bleeding
        
        Thrombocytopenia
        
        ADP Inhibitors
        
        Drugs
        
        Clopidogrel
        
        Ticlopidine
        
        Indications
        
        Alternative to Aspirin
        
        Thrombotic Stroke
        
        Post-MI
        
        Unstable Angina :red_flag:
        
        Adverse
        
        Neutropenia
        
        Thrombocytopenic purpura
        
        Nausea
        
        Diarrhea
        
        PDE/Adenosine Uptake Inhibitors
        
        Drugs
        
        Dipyridamole :red_flag:
        
        Cilostazol
        
        MOA
        
        Inhibits Platelet Aggregation by inhibiting PDE-III. This then inhibits cAMP
        
        Indications
        
        Combination with Aspirin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Combination with Warfarin
        
        1 more item...
        
        Aspirin (Low Dose)
        
        MOA
        
        Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 which then Inhibits Thromboxane A2 Synthesis which Decreases Platelet Aggregation
        
        Does not affect PGI2 Synthesis
        
        Indications
        
        Prevention
        
        1 more item...
        
        Prophylaxis
        
        3 more items...
  - - - Dyslipidemias
        
        Mainly used to Lower LDL
        
        Niacin (B6)
        
        MOA
        
        Reduces Hepatic Triglycerides and VLDL Synthesis :red_flag:
        
        Increases HDL and Decreases Triglycerides :red_flag:
        
        May be combined with Satins/Bile Acid-Binding Resins
        
        Adverse
        
        Flushing/Itching
        
        Heart Palpitations
        
        GI Distress
        
        HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
        
        Statins
        
        MOA
        
        HMG-CoA Reductase
        
        2 more items...
        
        Anti-inflammatory (Reduction of CRP)
        
        1 more item...
        
        LDL
        
        2 more items...
        
        Indications
        
        Coronary Heart Disease (Adults) :red_flag:
        
        Familial Hypercholesterolemia (Pediatric) :red_flag:
        
        Can be combined with Niacin/Bile Acid Binding Resins (Reduces LDL more) :red_flag:
        
        Give at Night
        
        Adverse (more severe with Simvastatin)
        
        Myositis
        
        Rhabdomyolysis
        
        Sleepiness/depression/memory Deficits
        
        Bile Acid-Binding Resins
        
        Drugs (Col- / Chol- )
        
        Cholestyramine
        
        Colestipol
        
        MOA
        
        Up-Regulates LDL-R which increases LDL Uptake from Plasma
        
        Increases LDL Excretion
        
        Adverse
        
        Constipation/Bloating
        
        Adverse relieved by Dietary Fiber
        
        Other
        
        PCSK9 Inhibitors
        
        Drugs
        
        Evolocumab
        
        Alirocumab
        
        MOA
        
        Bind LDL-R :red_flag:
        
        Inhibits Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9)
        
        Indications
        
        Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) :red_flag:
        
        Alternative to Ezetimibe
        
        Ezetimibe
        
        MOA
        
        Up-Regulation of LDL-R on Hepatocytes (LDL absorption from blood) :red_flag:
        
        Dietary Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor :red_flag:
        
        Can be combined with Statins
        
        Inhibits Niemann-Pick C1-Like-1 (NPC1L1) at the brush border of small intestine
        :
        
        Adverse
        
        Gut Distrubances
        
        Hepatitis
        
        Mainly used to Lower Triglycerides
        
        Fibrates (-Fib-)
        
        Drugs
        
        Gemfibrozil
        
        Fenofibrate
        
        MOA
        
        PPAR-alpha Agonist
        
        Increases Lipolysis of Triglycerides by increasing Lipoprotein Lipase Activity
        
        Increase HDL
        
        Indications
        
        Hypertriglyceridemia
        
        Adverse
        
        Rash
        
        GI Distress
        
        Myopathy
        
        Arrhythmias
        
        Contraindications
        
        Hepatic/Renal Insufficiency
        
        Co-Morbid with Hyperlipidemia/Atherosclerosis
  - - - First Line For Primary Hypertension :check:
        
        Anti-Angiotensin II (Vasodilators)
        
        Classes
        
        Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
        
        Drugs (-Sartans)
        
        Candesartan
        
        Valsartan
        
        Block AT1 receptor
        
        Losartan :red_flag:
        
        MOA (First Line for No Co-Morbid Conditions)
        
        Block Angiotensin I Receptor
        
        Aliskiren (DRI)
        
        MOA
        
        Blocks Renin
        
        ACE Inhibitors (ACEIs)
        
        Adverse
        
        Systematic
        
        2 more items...
        
        Ionic
        
        1 more item...
        
        Drugs (-Prils)
        
        Captopril** :red_flag:**
        
        Lisinopril :red_flag:
        
        MOA (First Line for No Co-Morbid Conditions)
        
        Inhibits Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
        
        Decreases Phospholipase C Activity :warning:
        
        General Adverse
        
        Teratogenic :red_flag:
        
        Skin Rash/Angioedema :red_flag:
        
        Bloody Dyscrasias (Neutropenia/Agranulocytosis)
        
        General Contraindications
        
        Pregnancy :red_flag:
        
        Bilateral Renal Stenosis :red_flag:
        
        Indications (First Line Treatment for...)
        
        Hypertension :red_flag:
        
        Hypertensive Diabetes :red_flag:
        
        Hypertensive Renal Insufficiency :red_flag:
        
        Alternative to Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARNI) in Heart failure
        
        Ca+ Channel Blockers
        
        Drug Class
        
        Dihydropyridines (PINE)
        
        Drugs
        
        Amlodipine
        
        Nifedipine
        
        Adverse
        
        Reflex Tachycardia
        
        Peripheral Edema
        
        Cardioselective
        
        Drugs
        
        Diltiazem
        
        Verapamil
        
        Adverse
        
        Depression of SA Node --> Bradycardia
        
        MOA
        
        Bind to Alpha-1 Subunit membrane and Storage site of L-Type Ca+ Channels
        
        Block Ca+ influx into Cytosol which blocks Contraction of Vascular/Cardiac Muscles
        
        Adverse/Contraindications
        
        Constipation (Adverse) :red_flag:
        
        CHF (Contraindication)
        
        Indications
        
        First Line Prophylaxis, Second Line Treatment (First Line for No Co-Morbid Conditions)
        
        Second Line for Exercise-Induced (Stable) Angina :red_flag:
        
        Hypertension
        
        First Line for Vasospastic (Prinzmetal) Angina :red_flag:
        
        Second Line
        
        Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
        :red_flag:
        
        Prophylaxis
        
        Migraine (Verapamil)
        
        Diuretics
        
        Loop Diuretics
        
        Drugs
        
        Furosemide :red_flag:
        
        Bumetanide
        
        Ethacrynic Acid
        
        Torsemide
        
        MOA
        
        Blocks Na+/K+/Cl- absorption in Loop of Henle :red_flag:
        
        Indications
        
        Ionic
        
        Hypercalcemia (Ca+)
        
        Hyperkalemia (K+)
        
        Heart
        
        Acute Pulmonary Edema
        
        CHF
        
        Potassium Sparing Diuretic
        
        Drugs
        
        Spironolactone
        
        Eplerenone
        
        MOA
        
        Aldosterone Antagonist (Aldosterone promotes sodium and Water reabsorption - Increase of BP)
        
        Lowers BP by stopping Aldosterone from reabsorbing H2O and Na+
        
        ENaC
        
        Drugs
        
        Triamterene
        
        Amiloride
        
        MOA
        
        Inhibits Epithelial NaCl Channels in kidney
        
        Other Diuretics
        
        Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
        
        Drugs (-Amide)
        
        Acetazolamide
        
        Dorzolamide
        
        Osmotic Diuretics
        
        Drugs
        
        Mannitol
        
        Glycerin
        
        Sodium Glucose Transport Inhibitors
        
        Thiazide Diuretics
        
        Drugs
        
        Chlorothiazide
        
        Chlorthalidone
        
        Indapamide
        
        Hydrochlorothiazide :red_flag:
        
        MOA
        
        Blocks Na+/Cl- Symporter in DCT :red_flag:
        
        Promotes Na+/Cl- Excretion :red_flag:
        
        Promotes Ca+ Reabsorption :red_flag:
        
        Indications (First line for No-Comorbid Conditions
        
        Ionic
        
        Hypokalemia (K+)
        
        Hypercalcemia (Ca+) :red_flag:
        
        Hyponatremia (Na+)
        
        Systematic
        
        Essential Hypertension (First Line) :red_flag:
        
        Edema (CHF, Liver, Kidney Disease)
        
        Severe Edema (Loop + Thiazide) :red_flag:
        
        Adverse
        
        Ionic
        
        Hypokalemia (Low K+) :red_flag:
        
        Hypocalcemia (low Ca+)
        
        Metabolic
        
        Hyperglycemia :red_flag:
        
        Hyperlipidemia
        
        Hyperuricemia :red_flag:
        
        Metabolic Alkalosis
        
        Hypovolemia
        
        Hypotension
      - Used with Co-morbid Conditions or Alternatives :check:
        
        Direct Vasodilators
        
        Nitric Oxide Releasers
        
        Drugs
        
        Hydralazine
        
        Adverse
        
        Headache/Dizziness/Tachycardia
        
        Anemia/Dyspnea/Edema
        
        SLE Rash :red_flag:
        
        MOA
        
        Activates RAAS
        
        K+ Channel Openers
        
        Drugs
        
        Minoxidil
        
        Indications
        
        Hypertension
        
        Male Pattern Baldness (Rogaine)
        
        Adverse
        
        Hirsutism (Women Grow Male pattern hair) :red_flag:
        
        Dizziness, Tachycardia, Headache
        
        Sympatholytic (Sympathoplegic)
        
        Alpha-1 Antagonists
        
        Drugs (Sin/Sine)
        
        Prazosine
        
        Doxazosine
        
        Terazosin
        
        MOA
        
        1st: Decrease Vascular Tone (Block alpha-1 Receptors)
        
        2nd: Vasodilation causing decreased Peripheral Resistance
        
        Adverse
        
        Postural Hypotension
        
        Indications
        
        1st Line for Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)
        
        2nd Line for Moderate Hypertension
        
        Beta-Blockers (-Lol)
        
        Classes
        
        Non-Selective
        
        Drugs
        
        2 more items...
        
        Contraindications
        
        2 more items...
        
        Beta-1 Selective
        
        Drugs
        
        2 more items...
        
        Beta-1 antagonist & Alpha-1 Antagonist
        
        Drugs
        
        2 more items...
        
        Indications
        
        3 more items...
        
        (General) MOA
        
        Heart
        
        Decrease Left Ventricular Mass by Decreasing HR, SV, CO
        
        RAAS
        
        Decreases Renin & Aldosterone Release which causes decreased Angiotensin-II resulting in a decreased TPR
        
        Alpha-2 Agonists
        
        Drugs
        
        Clonidine :red_flag:
        
        Methyldopa :red_flag:
        
        Guanfacine
        
        Guanabenz
        
        MOA
        
        Methyldopa is Metabolized to alpha-methylnorepinephrine
        
        Activates Presynaptic alpha-2 receptor Receptors which inhibits Norepinephrine release which decrease HR : :red_flag:
        
        Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance :red_flag:
        
        Decrease Renin Release :red_flag:
        
        Indications
        
        Methyldopa
        
        Antihypertensive during Pregnancy :red_flag:
        
        Adverse
        
        Sedation
        
        Orthostatic Hypotension