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Salts, Solubility of salts (what a pain to memorise), Method 1: Reaction…
Salts
A salt is an ionic compound that consists of a cation (positive ion) and an anion (negative ion)
e.g. NaCl, AgCl, CaSO(4), NH(4)NO(3)
:3
Methods for preparing a salt
is the salt to be prepared soluble in water??
YES
Reaction of an acid with base, metal or carbonate
Are both starting materials soluble in water?
YES
Method 2:
TITRATION
Acid + alkali
Acid + soluble carbonate
Crystalise the solution
Filter to obtain salt crystals
Specifically for the
SPA
carbonates (aka the only soluble carbonates), sodium, potassium, ammonium
Essay structure:
NO
Method 3:
PRECIPITATION
solution containing cation of the salt + solution containing anion of the salt
IMPLEMENT
SPAN
SALTS
Filter mixture afterwards to obtain salt (because salt is insoluble
Essay structure:
Solubility of salts (what a pain to memorise)
Soluble salts:
All SPAN salts are soluble. (sodium, potassium, ammonium nitrates)
all chlorides
EXCEPT FOR: silver chloride AgCl & lead(II) chloride PbCl
all sulfates
EXCEPT FOR: barium sulfate BaSO(4), lead(II) sulphate PbSO(4), calcium sulfate CaSO(4) *(sparingly soluble)
insoluble salts
all carbonates
EXCEPT FOR: SPA, sodium carbonate Na(2)CO(3), potassium carbonate K(2)CO(3), ammonium carbonate (NH4)(2)CO(3)
Method 1:
Reaction of an acid with an insoluble base
Acid + excess metal
Acid + excess insoluble base
Acid + excess insoluble carbonate
Filter the mixture
Collect the filtrate
Crystalise the filtrate
Filter to obtain salt crystals
NO
Essay structure: