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Chapter 6 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 6
CELL TYPES
Eukaryotic Cells
Nucleus present
Membrane-bound organelles
Larger size (10–100 μm)
Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals
Plant vs. Animal Cells
Plant
Cell wall (cellulose)
Chloroplasts
Large central vacuole
Plasmodesmata
Animal
No cell wall
No chloroplasts
Lysosomes, centrioles
Small vacuoles
Prokaryotic Cells
No membrane-bound organelles
Small size (1–10 μm)
No nucleus (nucleoid region)
Bacteria, Archaea
CELL COMPONENTS & STRUCTURE
Nucleus
Chromatin (DNA + proteins)
Nucleolus (rRNA synthesis)
Nucleoplasm
Nuclear envelope (double membrane)
Nuclear pores (regulate transport)
Ribosomes
Made of rRNA + proteins
Small + large subunits
Free (cytosol) or Bound (Rough ER)
Protein synthesis
Mitochondria
Matrix (fluid inside inner membrane)
Enzymes, mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes
Site of cellular respiration (ATP production)
Double membrane
Outer membrane
Inner membrane (cristae)
CELL MEMBRANES & MOVEMENT
Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments
Cell shape, muscle contraction
Intermediate filaments
Structural support
Microtubules
Cell division (spindle fibers)
Vesicle transport
Amoeba Movement
Actin polymerization
Cytoplasmic streaming
Uses pseudopodia
Plasma Membrane
Embedded proteins
Fluid mosaic model
Phospholipid bilayer
Selective permeability
CELL INTERACTIONS
Matrix
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
Integrins
Provides support, signaling
Glycoproteins
Cell Junctions
Desmosomes
Anchoring junctions (mechanical strength)
Gap Junctions
Communication (animal cells)
Tight Junctions
Prevent leakage (epithelial layers)
Plasmodesmata
Plant cell cytoplasm connections