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Reasoning and Decision making - Coggle Diagram
Reasoning and Decision making
Reasoning
Deductive Reasoning
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General Premise to specific conclusion
Categorical and Conditional Syllogism
Categorical Syllogism
Relationship between two categories
Two Approaches
Normative and Descriptive Approach
Normative Approach
Based on Logic
Two premises true then conclusion must be true
Descriptive Approach
Estimating peoples ability to judge validity of syllogism
Explaining mistakes people make
Conditional Syllogism
Forms of Conditional Syllogus
Denying Antecedent
Modus Tollens
Affirming Consequent
Modus Ponens
First premise has form
Watson Selection Task
People make more reasoning errors in abstract situations
Inductive Reasoning
Making General Conclusion based on specific observation
Forms
Strong and Weak induction
Availability Heuristic
Judge more memorable events more frequent than less memorable events
The Representativeness Heuristic
Using memorability as a cue
Similar to Availability Heuristic
Decision
Theories
Expected Value Theory
Probability that option will occur,
Expected Utility Theory
Most theorist believe this is better normative account for decision making
Utility means how good we believe outcome will be
Prospect Theory
How people weigh value and Probability
People Overweigh small probability
People underweight large probability
Framing Effects
Logical equivalent descritions of an option lead to different choices