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Sociology of comunication and consumption, Surveillance capitalism, The…

- - - - Integration in a circular process
        
        "Il mondo è costruito socialmente"
        
        Douglas' macro sociologic approach
  - - - But for her people have an active role
  - - - Objects of consumption have a fundemental role
    - - Knowledge played a big role
  - - - Theory of envy
        
        Incapacity to satisfy moral/spiritual needs
        
        We buy stuff out of envy to reach perceived richer people
      - Materiale
        
        Incapacity to satisfy basic needs
      - They explain the quantity
    - - Taste
- - - - This is one of Levi-Strauss' categories
      - Through societal norms
        
        The grid
        
        4 kinds of societies based on these two parameters
        
        Those who don't respect them are excluded form the
        
        Group
        
        Explicit and implicit
      - It allows it to be united
      - It allows the individual to understand how to act
- - - - Easy to predict
  - - - Making new experiences
        
        Changing values
    - - Determine the self-image
      - It's not just about money
      - Lifestyle
    - - Hard to predict
      - Easy to create desires
    - - Product of democratization of wealth
  - - - Creates his own consumption
- - - - This view hides the alienation of the worker
      - It's a war
    - - It will change
      - It's not eternal
      - It's not natural
  - - - The economic process is explained by the human needs (material and spiritual)
        
        Humans satisfy these needs by morphing nature
        
        Sociological approach
  - - - Sovrastruttura
  - - - Based on worker exploitation
  - - - Cause
        
        U have no agency
        
        U don't see the bigger picture
  - - - Men, social institutions like family etc..
- - - - Durkheim has en olistic one
      - The individual shapes society through rational action
      - He explains society through symbols
        
        Finds the origin of capitalism in protestant ethics
        
        Other factors apart form the evolution of production like Marx
    - - Economical conditions
        
        Mass market
        
        Free trade
      - Societal conditions
        
        Borghesia
        
        Autonomous cities
      - Historical and accidental conditions
        
        Influx of precious metals
        
        Populaion growth
      - Technological development
      - Psychological factors
        
        Calvinism
        
        Dogmas
        
        The world is created to celebrate god
        
        His ways are mysterious
        
        Your eternal fate is pre-determined
        
        Work
        
        Vocazione
        
        Success is a sign of predestination
        
        Way to stay away from vices
        
        Consumerism is useless
        
        New work rythms
    - - 4 ways of action
        
        Azione basata sul valore
        
        Agire affettivo
        
        Rational understanding of emotions
        
        Agire tradizionale
        
        Based on previous actions
        
        Razionalità orientata allo scopo
        
        Focusing on means and ends
      - Bureocracy
        
        Efficient way of organization
        
        Too much produces inefficiency
        
        Impersonal
        
        Specialization
        
        Goes hand in hand w capitalism
  - - - Because
        
        Endless cycle of pursuit of profit
        
        Anxiety
    - - Pre-capitalism
        
        1200-1750
        
        Ambition that leads to insecurity
      - High capitalism
        
        Profit is one of the apsects of life
        
        The spirit of capitalism starts to become a cultural element and not just economical
      - Ultra capitalism
        
        Toxic vortex
        
        New actors
        
        Groups of entrepeneurs
        
        Super entrepeneur :<3:
        
        The entrepeneur is like a child
        
        Big things
        
        New things
        
        Fast things
        
        Demontration of power
        
        Illegal actions done by entrepeneurs
        
        Profit is the only goal
- - - - Biological :<3:
      - Societal :<3:
      - Moral :<3:
    - - Definition: what u don't need
      - Based on sophistication
        
        To have more sophisticated products u need better production
        
        This dirves capitalism
      - The rich established the new tastes and the new needs
      - It can be
        
        Qualitative
        
        Quantitative
      - It can be
        
        Egoistic
        
        Altruistic :<3:
      - 2 phases
        
        Exclusive to aristocracy and high borghesia
        
        Democratizzazione del lusso
        
        Produzione in serie
    - - Buying stuff cause it's beautiful
    - - Intimizzazione (privacy)
      - Oggetivazione (quality)
      - Sensibilità e raffinatezza (satisfaccion of senses)
      - Alla condensazione del tempo (Expendability of products)
    - - The system creates entrepeneurs
  - - - Emulation drives consumption
      - He competes w other men for private property
    - - Except for 4 types
        
        Sport
        
        Gov
        
        Religion
        
        War
        
        They are public
      - Being rich is a virtue
        
        Cause it allows u to not work
        
        Even if it's inherited
        
        How do u show it?
        
        Not working
        
        Hiring someone to work for u
        
        Wasting money on useless products
- - - - Consumistic choices are passed down by class to class
        
        The highest class is the only "free" one
    - - Habitus
  - - - Market
      - Demand
      - State
        
        They all influence each other :<3:
      - He rejects it
        
        The consumer is driven by biological and socio-cultural needs
        
        Society determines the socio-cultural value
        
        He chooses the product with the higher quality among thos that have the same utility
        
        Horizontality and not verticality
- - - - Self-realization
      - Conformity
        
        Emulation
      - This creates
        
        Tension
        
        Trends
        
        Uomo blasé :<3:
    - - Determined by the social context
    - - Symbol of modernity
        
        Everything is quantified
        
        There is no content, just the
        
        Objectification
        
        No soul
        
        Blasé man
        
        Loss of uniqueness
        
        Reificazione
    - - Transmitted from the social elite
      - Allow integration an personalization
      - Groups are defined by their aestethic :<3:
    - - Jewelry
      - Two emotional purposes
        
        Making other people like u
        
        Raising your self-esteem
      - Micro-sociological approach
      - Radiactibve effect
- - - - Overstimulation
      - Fast
        
        Blasé attitude :<3:
      - The individual tries to differentiate himself to get attention
    - - If u suffer from something that comes from inside, you are the one to blame
  - - - He can't cause the products always change
  - - - Finds them in objects
    - - From Levi-Strauss
      - Shared
      - Change with the culture :<3:
    - - English families
      - It's a ritual
      - it has symbolic meaning
- - - - Perfect
      - Pornography of info :<3:
      - Pornography of emotions
      - People chase constantly products
    - - They are socially constructed
        
        Excessevly to push consumption
    - - Copy of something real
        
        Renaissance
        
        Imperfect, single posterior
        
        Industrial era
        
        Immediate, perfect, at the same time
        
        Contemporary era
        
        New reality
    - - Active and not passive
      - Comes before social relations
  - - - big shiny places where people gather
    - - everything is entertaining, nice, pleseant
    - - the consumer who takes part in the production
    - - Caratheristics
        
        Efficiency
        
        Control
        
        Calculability
        
        Predictability
      - Timeframe
        
        Post-modern era
    - - 3 eras
        
        Iperconsumo
        
        Another era
        
        Irrational
        
        People chase objects but are never satisfied :<3:
        
        The moment for consumption and the one for production are merged
        
        It envolves all aspects of life
        
        Personal expression
        
        Mass markets
        
        Basic needs
        
        1880-1945
        
        Consumo vistoso
        
        Mass consumptions
        
        1945-1980
- - - - Users produce behaviors (raw material)
        
        Companies extract data and elaborates it (production) :<3:
        
        Data brokers
        
        Adverteisment companies buy them and place ads accordingly (customers)
        
        Behavioral futures markets
        
        Main actors
        
        Meta
        
        Alphabet
        
        Google was the pioneer
        
        Amazon
        
        Tiffaa7
        
        Microsoft
        
        Bytedance
        
        Alteration of behavior
    - - Using old ones limits us
    - - We don't have to think that these abuses are tied to technology :<3:
- - - - The European court of justice prioritized individual rights over profit
        
        Users can file requests to borrow links
  - - - Push for self-determination
        
        conflict
        
        Solutions
        
        Surveillance capitalism
        
        Empowers people with great services
        
        Gives companies big returns
        
        Apple's advocacy oriented digital capitalism
        
        Not applied
        
        Ex. of music
        
        A good one
        
        Inventing adequate concepts
        
        Adopting laws that tackle the peculiar caratheristics of surveillance capitalism :<3:
        
        Having public discussions
        
        Globalizing the problem
        
        Occupy wall street
    - - Neoliberalism dismantles the double movement
    - - Identity tied to the job
- - - - Generation of habits
    - - Use of computers
      - The user's participation
      - The influence of consumerism
  - - - Cause surveillance is still seen as external
  - - - Unprecedented amount of data
        
        This advancement made a bigger collection possible
      - Who uses it?
        
        Govs
        
        Companies
        
        City planners
      - Big market
    - - Key aspect
        
        User's contribution/internal aspect
        
        Why?
        
        The internet is cool and useful
        
        You get validation
        
        Doubleface
        
        We monitor
        
        We are monitored
      - Profit
      - Ethically ambivalent
      - Distant
    - - Rejection
      - Acceptance
      - Indifference
    - - Habits
      - Ways of thinking
    - - Because it's a way of life
    - - From above
      - Among us
      - On ourselves
    - - 9/11
      - Social media
      - Snowden
      - Modern tecnhological development
        
        Every aspect of our lives is digital
        
        It's required that u conform
      - Cultural shift
        
        From work and discipline to pleasure and consumerism
        
        Constant performance
        
        Need to be seen, than to be watched
    - - Like every culture it has different aspects
        
        Dominant
        
        Residual
        
        Emergent
    - - Opress
      - Empower
  - - - Suspicionless :<3:
- - - - Liquid without recipient
      - Creeping weed
  - - - How?
        
        I don't care if others are being watched
        
        Spying on others gives me an advantage
        
        There is money to be made
  - - - Smart cities
    - - Fun
      - Familiarity
      - Fear
    - - Believs on survaillance that condition the practices
      - Ex.
        
        Extra surveillance is necessary for security
        
        If u don't have anything to hide why don't you share?
        
        Using big data is the best way
    - - How we act and relate
      - Types
        
        Initiatory
        
        Responsive
      - Perfomance in front of the watchers
    - - Who do we surveil?
        
        Family members
        
        Lovers
        
        Friends
      - Empowering
- - - - If this fails the energy is negative