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THE UNION LEGISLATURE - Coggle Diagram
THE UNION LEGISLATURE
The Lok SabhaThe Lok Sabha is the lower house of the Indian Parliament, where members are directly elected by the people through universal adult franchise.
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🗣️ The Speaker
The presiding officer of the Lok Sabha is called the Speaker. The Speaker is elected by a simple majority of the members present and voting and serves a term of five years. Typically, the Speaker is a member of the ruling party or alliance.
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Divisions of powers
The State List consists of 61 subjects. The State List consists of subjects that are important to only regional administration. The state legislature can only make laws on these matters. Example, police, law and order, transport.
The Concurrent List consists of 52 subjects. The Concurrent List consists of subjects that fall under both national as well as regional administrations. They are together responsible for making laws on these matters. Some examples are education, electricity, forest, and wildlife.
The Union List has 100 subjects and it consists of subjects of national importance on which the central legislature can make laws and exercise control. Some examples are Railway, Defence and Foreign Affairs.
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The Rajya sabha 🏛️
The Rajya sabha, also known as the Council of States, is the upper house of the Indian Parliament.
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The Rajasabha cannot be dissolved and meets in continued sessions, unlike the Lokasabha.
Each member is elected for a term of six years, with one third of its members retiring every two years.
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Members are indirectly elected by the members of the state legislative assembly (MLAs) using a voting system called single transferable vote.
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238 are representatives of the state and union territories, elected by a single transferable vote.
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Powers and functions of the Union Parliment:The Union Parliament is responsible for making all the laws in the country. All bills introduced in the Parliament are passed in the name of the President, and after the President gives assent, these bills become laws. The President is an integral part of the Parliament but not a member of either house.
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The main job is to make laws for the country, covering specific areas like the Union and Concurrent Lists. It can also change the Constitution. These laws are known as Union Laws.
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The government cannot collect taxes or change money laws without Parliament's approval. All money plans, including the budget, need approval from both houses. The Lok Sabha mainly handles these financial matters. A money bill starts in the Lok Sabha and then goes to the Rajya Sabha for approval.
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The Prime Minister and their ministers are directly accountable to the Lok Sabha, which is chosen by the people. Elected members of Parliament (MPs) can ask questions and discuss government plans. The Lok Sabha can even remove the government through a no-confidence motion. Parliament can also call an adjournment motion to discuss urgent national issues. All government policies must be approved by Parliament before the President signs them.
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Elected members from various assemblies elect the President. Nominated members do not vote for the President. Both elected and nominated members of Parliament elect the Vice President. The Lok Sabha members also elect their Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
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The Union Parliament has the power to remove the President, Vice President, and high court judges if they violate the Constitution or misuse their authority.