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NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM - Coggle Diagram
NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM
GENERAL BASIC EDUCATION LEVEL OF PANAMA
STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF BASIC EDUCATION
It is composed of three cycles
preschool
first and second cycle of basic education
This stage is compulsory and free, with the aim of providing a comprehensive education
The first cycle includes the first three years of education, from 4 to 6 years
focuses on
social
motor
cognitive
The second cycle, which covers from the fourth to the sixth grade
guide
Sciens
Languages and social studies
Math
The third cycle, between the seventh and ninth grades
Seeks to deepen knowledge of the different areas of knowledge
This legal framework ensures that all public and private schools meet the educational quality standards established by the Ministry of Education.
TEACHING METHODOLOGIES AT THE BASIC LEVEL
Teaching methodologies play a crucial role in the comprehensive development of students.
designed to be inclusive, dynamic, and student-centered
The goal is to promote meaningful and lasting learning.
CONSTRUCTIVIST
It is based on the idea that students construct their own knowledge
through interaction with their environment and reflection on their experiences
COOPERATIVE LEARNING
Promotes group work and collaboration among students
PROJECT-BASED LEARNING
This strategy involves students in carrying out projects that integrate various areas of knowledge.
(ICT) also play an important role in teaching methodologies in basic education in Panama
CHALLENGE IN EQUITY AND ACCESS TO BASIC EDUCATION
It is an essential component of the educational system, as it allows measuring the progress and learning of students, identifying areas for improvement
It is carried out through various methodologies and tools that seek to offer a comprehensive view of academic performance.
EVALUTATIONS
FORMATIVE
It aims to provide constant feedback to both students and teachers, allowing adjustments and improvements in teaching and learning strategies
SUMATIVE
It takes place at the end of an instructional period, such as a quarter, semester, or school year.
It measures the level of student achievement in relation to established curricular objectives.
STANDARDIZED
The goal of measuring students' academic performance in key areas such as mathematics, science, language, and social studies
PROGRAM AND RESOURCES FOR BASIC EDUCATION
School Feeding Program (PAE), which provides nutritious meals to public school students
Textbooks and Educational Materials Program, which ensures that all students have access to the textbooks and materials necessary for their learning
The Teacher Training Program is essential to improve the quality of teaching in basic education.
SECONDARY EDUCATION LEVEL IN PANAMA
It comprises the final stage of formal education before entering higher education or the workplace.
PROFILE OF EDUCATION STUDENTS IN PANAMA
It is characterized by several competencies and skills that are expected to be developed during this crucial period of their academic and personal development.
Must demonstrate a solid knowledge base in various disciplines
Maths
Sciens
Languages and social studies
Communicative competence
Ethical and civic training is also an essential component of the student profile.
VALUES.
Respect
Tolerance and commitment to the community
Responsability
Students must be familiar with the use of digital tools and resources, which is essential in the modern age.
VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND EDUCATIONAL PLANNING
Helps you make informed decisions about your academic and professional future
Comprehensive assessment of each student's aptitudes, interests, and skills, facilitating the identification of possible career paths
Educational planning, on the other hand, involves developing an academic plan that enables students to achieve their vocational goals.
Educational planning includes preparation for entrance exams to universities and other higher education institutions.
CURRICULUM AND SPECIFIC SUBJECTS IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
They constitute the academic framework that guides the teaching and learning process during this educational stage.
COMMON AREA
It includes compulsory subjects that form the basis of general knowledge that all students must acquire.
TECHNICAL AREA
It offers a variety of specific subjects that allow students to focus on areas of particular interest that can prepare them for the workforce or for further study in technical fields.
It also includes components of values training and citizenship education, integrated into various subjects and extracurricular activities.
COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN SECONDARY EDUCATION
It is a fundamental aspect that strengthens the educational process and contributes to the comprehensive development of students.
The participation of parents and guardians is one of the pillars of the educational community
Community organizations also play an important role
ONGs
Local associations, youth clubs and volunteer groups
CHALLENGES OF THE TRANSITION FROM BASIC TO SECONDARY EDUCATION
It is a crucial moment in the academic and personal development of students.
These challenges cover academic, emotional and social aspects.
It is the most difficult academic challenge, the change in the level of difficulty of the subjects
Students may experience a range of complex feelings when faced with changing educational levels.
Family participation is another fundamental aspect in the transition
INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN MIDDLE EDUCATION
It is a dynamic and multifaceted process that transforms the way students learn and teachers teach.
It seeks to improve educational quality, facilitate access to educational resources and content
The main benefit is access to varied and up-to-date educational resources
The use of emerging technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR)
The integration of technology encourages the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills
Technology can present risks such as exposure to inappropriate content, cyberbullying, and digital device addiction.
NON-REGULAR EDUCATION SUBSYSTEM OF PANAMA
DEFINITION AND SCOPE OF THE NON-REGULAR EDUCATION SUBSYSTEM
It is an integral part of the national education system that focuses on providing educational opportunities to sectors of the population.
It focuses on its function of providing education to individuals who, due to socioeconomic, cultural or personal factors
It is broad and diverse, covering everything from basic literacy to technical and vocational training.
Its main objective is to provide educational opportunities that enable individuals to achieve a minimum level of education and training,
MODALITIES AND FORMATS OF NON-REGULAR EDUCATION
It offers a series of modalities and formats designed to serve various population groups that cannot access the formal education system.
These modalities and formats are flexible and adapt to the specific needs of each group.
Adult education is one of the most prominent modalities
This modality is aimed at people over 15 years of age who have not completed their basic education.
offers community education programs, which are carried out in local communities and are designed to address educational needs
INCLUSION AND ACCESS IN NON-REGULAR EDUCATION
They are fundamental principles that guide the development of policies and programs aimed at providing educational opportunities
All individuals, regardless of their conditions or situations, can fully participate in the teaching and learning processes.
Remove barriers
It involves promoting a culture of acceptance and respect within educational environments..
EEVALUATION AND ACCREDITATION IN THE NON-REGULAR SUBSYSTEM
They are fundamental processes to guarantee the educational quality and the validity of the programs offered.
Its main objective is to measure the quality and effectiveness of educational programs.
The design and implementation of programs to the results obtained by students
Accreditation is the process by which an educational program is officially recognized as meeting certain quality standards established by educational authorities.
The main objective is to ensure that the programs are relevant and respond to the needs of the students.
Challenges
It is the need to adapt processes to the diversity of programs and the contexts in which they are carried out.
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN NON-REGULAR EDUCATION
It faces a variety of challenges and opportunities that are crucial to the development and improvement of educational programs aimed at those who cannot access the formal education system.
Resource limitation
Low student participation is another significant challenge in non-regular education.
Curriculum adaptation to meet the diverse needs of students.
One of the systemic challenges is the strengthening of public policies that support Non-Regular Education
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN EDUCATION DO NOT REGULATE
Improving the quality of education and expanding learning opportunities for diverse population groups
Online learning
It allows students to access educational resources and participate in learning activities through digital platforms.
Platforms like Moodle, Google Classroom, and Edmodo facilitate the creation of online courses, the management of educational materials, and interaction between students and teachers.
Distance education has also gained relevance as a technological innovation in the Non-Regular Education Subsystem.
LEVEL OF HIGHER EDUCATION OF PANAMA
ACADEMIC OFFER AND TYPES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
These activities not only enrich the academic field, but also contribute to the socioeconomic development of the country.
Higher education institutions in Panama, both public and private, play a crucial role in generating knowledge through their research activities
SENACYT plays an important role in promoting research and development in the academic field.
Research is not only oriented towards academic production, but also towards the resolution of specific problems.
The quality of research and development at higher education institutions in Panama is subject to evaluation and accreditation by national and international organizations.
ACCESS AND EQUITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Access and equity in higher education are two fundamental aspects of the Panamanian educational system.
Citizens have fair opportunities to access academic programs and benefit from higher education
socioeconomic, gender, or geographic region.
It is regulated by a series of policies and mechanisms that seek to open opportunities for a wide range of students.
The main gateway to universities and other higher education institutions is the admissions process
The Panamanian government has implemented various policies and programs with the aim of reducing inequalities in access to higher education.
Scholarship Program of the National Secretariat of Science, Technology and Innovation (SENACYT)
Higher education also faces challenges, especially in rural and remote areas of the country.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
It is essential to understand the academic offer available and the different types of institutions that make up this educational level.
The higher education system is designed to offer a diverse range of academic options that meet the needs of students and the demands of the labor market.
They are mainly divided into universities, technical and technological training institutes, and non-university higher education centers.
UNIVERSITIES
They offer bachelor's, master's and doctoral programs
The National Institute for Vocational Training and Capacity Building for Human Development (INADEH)
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND STUDENT MOBILITY
They seek to open doors to students for global educational experiences and promote the exchange of knowledge and cultures between academic institutions in different countries
Creating alliances with foreign universities and participating in global academic networks
Panamanian universities have developed collaboration agreements with educational institutions in Latin America, Europe, the United States, and other regions of the world.
Student mobility, on the other hand, is a fundamental tool for the internationalization of higher education.
“Panamanian Government Scholarship Program for Study Abroad”
FINANCIAL CHALLENGES AND SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Financial challenges and sustainability are crucial issues affecting both educational institutions and students, as well as the education system in general.
Financial challenges in higher education in Panama are the allocation of public resources.
EJEMPLO
FINANCIAL AID THAT ONLY BENEFITTED PEOPLE WITH FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND NOT THOSE WHO DESERVED IT
The cost of tuition and expenses associated with higher education
International academic collaboration and partnerships can also contribute to sustainability.
Financial challenges and sustainability in higher education in Panama are complex issues that require a multifaceted approach to be addressed effectively.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IN NON-REGULAR EDUCATION
NATIONAL LEGISLATION ON EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
It is articulated through a set of laws, decrees and regulations that seek to structure, regulate and promote the use of technologies in the educational field.
The legal framework is Law 24 of 2006, which establishes the Legal Framework for Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).
Create a regulatory environment that encourages the development, implementation and use of ICTs in various sectors, including education
Law 51 of 2005 establishes the National Education System in Panama
Decreto Ejecutivo No. 2 de 2018 establece el Reglamento para el Uso de Recursos Tecnológicos en el Sistema Educativo Nacional.
PNTED Long-term strategy designed to guide the development and integration of technologies into the Panamanian education system.
REGULATIONS FOR THE INTEGRATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE CLASSROOM
Establishes clear guidelines for the use of digital tools and technological resources in the teaching-learning process
Ensures that technology is used effectively and equitably, promoting an enriched and accessible educational environment for all students
Internal Regulations for the Use of Technological Resources in the National Education System
Executive Decree No. 2 of 2018
(PNTED) includes a specific component for the professional development of teachers
Guide to the Use of Technologies for Learning, published by the Ministry of Education (MEDUCA)
Technology in the classroom in Panama covers a variety of aspects
Selection and use of technological resources
Teacher training and the infrastructure needed to support digital learning
COPYRIGHT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL CONTENT
Digital educational content is a crucial aspect that regulates the creation, use and distribution of educational resources in the digital environment.
Copyright is a set of legal rights that give creators of original works control over the use and distribution of their creations.
Law No. 15 of 1994, known as the Copyright Law
It establishes that works are protected from the moment of their creation, without the need for formal registration.
The principle of fair use, which allows limited use of protected works without the explicit permission of the author in certain cases
Creative Commons licenses allow authors to set the terms under which their works are
Copyright and intellectual property also involve the creation of institutional policies that regulate the use of digital content.
SECURITY AND ETHICS POLICIES IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Safety and ethics policies are essential to ensuring a safe, responsible, and equitable learning environment..
Law No. 81 of 2019, known as the Personal Data Protection Law
In the educational field, this law guarantees that the personal data of students and educational staff are handled securely and in accordance with current regulations.
Educational institutions should educate students about ethical online behavior, promoting practices such as proper citation of sources.
Digital rights education is also an important part of ethical policies in educational technology.
QUALITY AND EVALUATION STANDARDS IN TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Ensure that digital tools and educational content provide an effective and satisfying learning experience for students and teachers
These are guidelines that define the requirements that digital tools and content must meet to be considered effective and appropriate for the educational process.
Quality Model for Digital Educational Resources (R.E.D.)
Standards for Technological Literacy del International Technology and Engineering Educators Association (ITEEA), que ofrece un marco para evaluar el contenido tecnológico y de ingeniería en la educación
UPDATES AND CHALLENGES TO THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK IN EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY
Updates to the legal framework for educational technology in Panama are essential to address changes in the technological landscape and the new needs of the educational environment.
One of the recent relevant updates is Law No. 81 of 2019, also known as the Personal Data Protection Law.
Law No. 53 of 2022, which amends the Penal Code to include crimes related to the misuse of digital technologies
Integrating technology into the classroom effectively and equitably
Legal policies must ensure that all students, regardless of their socioeconomic background, have access to quality digital technologies.
DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY IN EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY
PRINCIPLES OF PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN EDUCATION
The protection of personal data and privacy are essential to ensuring a safe and secure environment for both students and educators.
Principle of legality
This principle establishes that the processing of personal data must be carried out in accordance with current legislation.
The principle of finality
It focuses on the fact that personal data should only be collected for specific and legitimate purposes.
The principle of minimization
It establishes that only those personal data that are strictly necessary to fulfill the purpose should be collected.
The quality of the data
It is another key principle, which requires that personal data be accurate, complete and up-to-date.
The principle of confidentiality
Requires that personal data be handled with a high level of security to protect it against unauthorized access
The principle of responsibility
It establishes that entities that process personal data must assume responsibility for complying with data protection principles.
The principle of access and rectification
It gives individuals the right to access their personal data and request corrections if they find inaccuracies.
SENSITIVE INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ON EDUCATIONAL PLATFORMS
Protect users' personal data and ensure a safe learning environment
Identify what types of data are considered sensitive, evaluate potential threats that could compromise this information
In the educational environment, this sensitive data includes personal information of students and teachers, academic records, exam results
Students, teachers, and administrators should receive ongoing training on security practices and personal data protection.
STUDENT CONSENT AND PRIVACY CONTROL
Ensure that students' personal data is handled ethically, legally, and securely
Consent is one of the pillars of personal data protection
According to Law 81 of 2019 of Panama, consent must be informed, free, specific and unequivocal.
Transparency in data collection and use is crucial to obtaining valid consent.
This policy should explain how the data is collected, how it is stored, and who has access to it.
Students and their guardians have the right to request access to the data that educational institutions have about them.
The right to privacy is also linked to the principle of data minimization, which states that only the data necessary to fulfill educational purposes should be collected.
The right to rectification and deletion of data is also an important part of privacy control.
RISKS AND THREATS TO DATA SECURITY IN EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS
Data security risks and threats in these environments can have significant consequences, from the violation of student privacy
Ransomware attacks are a significant threat in educational environments.
An institution's data is encrypted by attackers, who demand a ransom to regain access to the information.
Accidental data exposure, which can occur when sensitive data is shared inappropriately
Human errors are a constant threat in data management.
Software vulnerabilities are another significant risk
The lack of adequate access controls also represents a considerable risk.
GOOD PRACTICES IN THE COLLECTION AND USE OF EDUCATIONAL DATA
Following good practices in the collection and use of educational data is crucial to ensure privacy, security and effectiveness in the educational process.
PRACTICES
One of the fundamental best practices in data collection is obtaining informed consent from students or their legal guardians.
It is essential to provide this information in accessible language and offer the option to withdraw consent at any time without facing negative consequences..
Data minimization is another key good practice
It is important to clearly define the purposes of data collection
Secure data storage is an essential practice to protect personal and educational information.
Transparency in data use is also a good practice that contributes to trust and ethics in educational data management..
Law 81 of 2019, which establishes the principles and requirements for the protection of personal data
Continuous training of personnel is a practice that should be overlooked.
INSTITUTIONAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE PROTECTION OF EDUCATIONAL DATA
The institutional responsibility in the protection of educational data implies that the educational institutions are the guardians of the personal and academic information of the students
La responsabilidad institucional también incluye la designación de un responsable de protección de datos
An integral part of this responsibility is the continuous training of personnel on data protection issues
The protection of educational data must be seen not only as a legal obligation, but as a moral imperative
Institutional responsibility and ethics in the protection of educational data are essential to guarantee that the personal and academic information of students is managed in a safe, legal and respectful manner