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Students with Special Needs in the Colombian Educational System, Eduard…
Students with Special Needs in the Colombian Educational System
Responsibilities of Educational Institutions
Guarantee access, permanence, and learning for students with disabilities.
"Inclusive education requires institutions to ensure flexibility, curricular adjustments, and accessible environments." (MEN, 2017)
Use assistive technologies and inclusive pedagogies.
"The use of TAC and DUA should be institutional strategies, not isolated efforts." (García et al., 2025)
Collaborate with families and support teams.
"Institutions must involve interdisciplinary teams and promote family participation in decision-making." (MEN, 2017)
Perceptions or Beliefs Regarding Disability
There is still a deficit-based view in many schools.
"Misconceptions persist, seeing disability as a limitation rather than a diversity issue." (Becerra & Tamayo, 2025)
Teachers often lack training, affecting attitudes.
"Professional development must focus on changing beliefs and pedagogical practices." (Laitón et al., 2017)
Inclusion is often seen as a burden rather than a right.
"There is a tension between inclusive policy discourse and real classroom practices." (David & Brown, 2022)
Types of Disabilities in the Educational System
According to Vargas (2025), the main types are:
Visual impairment
Hearing impairment (Deafness and Hard of Hearing)
Motor disability
Cognitive/intellectual disability
Psychosocial disability
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Multiple disabilities
"Each type of disability requires specific pedagogical, communicative, and technological adjustments." (Vargas, 2025)
What is PIAR? (Individual Plan for Reasonable Adjustments)
A legal and pedagogical tool to personalize education.
"PIAR helps plan and document specific measures for inclusion, following legal guidelines." (MEN, 2017)
Includes strategies like curriculum flexibility, assistive technologies, and tailored assessment.
"The PIAR ensures educational quality through individualized planning." (Carrillo et al., 2023)
Teachers often lack training, affecting attitudes.
"Professional development must focus on changing beliefs and pedagogical practices." (Laitón et al., 2017)
Eduard Alejandro Beltrán Arévalo
Colombian Education UNAD 2025