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Ch 9 & 10, Ch 8 - Coggle Diagram
Ch 9 & 10
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The Light Receptors
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Different pigments absorb different wavelengths, and the wavelengths that are absorbed disappear
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The Nature of Sunlight
Light is electromagnetic energy, also called
electromagnetic radiation
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The electromagnetic spectrum is the entire range
of electromagnetic energy, or radiation
Visible light (wavelengths 380 nm to 740 nm) drives photosynthesis and produces the colors seen by the human eye
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photosystem
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reaction-center complex
an association of proteins holding a special pair of chlorophyll a molecules and a primary electron acceptor
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Photosystem I (PS I)
called P700 because its reaction-center chlorophyll a is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 700 nm
Photosystem II (PS II)
called P680 because its reaction-center chlorophyll a is best at absorbing light with a wavelength of 680 nm
The Principle of Redox
Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants are called oxidation-reduction reactions, or redox reactions
The addition of electrons to a substance is called reduction (the amount of positive charge is reduced)
In redox reactions, the loss of electrons from a substance is called oxidation
The electron donor is called the reducing agent, it reduces the electron acceptor
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The electron acceptor is called the oxidizing
agent, it oxidizes the electron donor
The Citric Acid Cycle
The citric acid cycle, also called the Krebs cycle, oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 per turn
Because 2 pyruvate are produced per glucose, the
cycle runs twice per glucose molecule consumed
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The citric acid cycle has eight steps, each
catalyzed by a specific enzyme
First the acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle
by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate
The next seven steps decompose the citrate back
to oxaloacetate, making the process a cycle
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Cyclic Electron Flow
photoexcited electrons cycle back from Fd to the cytochrome complex instead of being transferred to NADP
Electrons are passed to a P700 chlorophyll in the PS I reaction center via the plastocyanin molecule (Pc)
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It produces ATP, but no NADPH or oxygen results from this process
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Photorespiration
rubisco binds with O2 instead
of CO2, producing a two-carbon compound
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Ch 8
Forms of energy
Energy
capacity to cause change, can be used to do work—move matter against opposing forces, such as gravity and friction
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Free-Energy Change,
Free-Energy
the portion of a system’s energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, as in a living cell Free-Energy Change, G
