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“Language use in the classroom and sequencing instructions”, image,…

- - - - Maintain engagement and motivation
      - Build relationships
      - Teach and model language
      - Manage learners and maintain discipline
    - - Plan instructions in advance
      - Use short, clear, and unambiguous directions
      - Ensure transitions and rules are smoothly communicated
      - Teaching Talk
        
        Explaining: Present, clarify, and give meaning
        
        Eliciting: Involve class, individuals, or groups
        
        Feedback: Evaluate, support, and guide students
  - - - Relevant: focused, avoids off-topic chatter
      - Appropriate: suitable to learners' level
      - Explicit: intentions must be obvious
      - Limited: concise, no over-talking
      - Clear: understandable, paced, audible
    - - When to minimize:
      - Diverse L1 backgrounds
      - Encourage thinking in English
      - When to use:
      - Safety concerns
      - Counseling or abstract explanations