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Orthography, Alphabetic Principle, Morphology, Morpheme, Demographic -…
Orthography
Characteristics:
-Contains rules and conventions
-Changes across languages
-Allows written communication
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Non-examples:
-Informal writing that doesn't follow standard rules (ex. lol)
-Not using punctuation in writing
-Verbal conversation
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Definition:
The art of writing words with the proper letters according to standard usage or a part of language study that deals with letters and spelling.
Examples:
-Capitalizing the first letter in a sentence or a proper noun
-Using a period to end a sentence
-Spelling a word in a paragraph
Alphabetic Principle
Definition:
The understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds.
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Characteristics: -Connects written letters to spoken sounds -Necessary for decoding words -Requires attention to early phonics and phonemic awareness
Non-examples:
-Memorizing words
-Using pictures to guess the words written
-Recognizing a word by its shape and length
Morphology
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Characteristics:
-Studies the rules and patterns of word construction
-Focuses on morphemes
-Studies how morphemes combine to make words
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Examples:
-Adding "-s" to a word to make it plural
-Using prefixes and suffixes to change the meaning of a word
-Combining two free morphemes to create a compound word
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Morpheme
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Examples:
-Free: book, teach, the, or
-Bound: -ed, -ing, re-, un-
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Demographic
Definition: A specific part of a population that is identified by particular characteristics like race, ethnicity, gender, age, language, or religion.
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Characteristics:
-Used to analyze and understand different groups in a population
-Can inform policies and inclusive practices
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Examples:
-Understanding income level disparities in access to education
-Finding the percentage of Black or Hispanic students in a school
-Reporting the percentage of a particular age group in a community
Non-examples:
-Stating your personal opinion about a population group
-Noticing physical characteristics of people in a community
-Assuming everyone has the same needs
