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FFP resit - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Gender Inequality Begins in Childhood
        Girls in low-income countries who grow up in poor households, alongside large numbers of siblings, often face barriers to enrolling in school or completing their educations—they are frequently needed at home to help care for younger siblings, and their parents often can’t afford school fees and supplies for all of their children. When parents can only manage to send some of their children to school, they typically send the boys.
      - Educating girls keeps them safer and healthier
        By contrast, when girls receive an education, they tend to marry later, have more opportunities for paid employment, have better health outcomes, and have fewer children over the course of their lives. This virtuous circle continues when their own children are able to stay in school, get married as adults (if at all, and to partners of their choosing), participate in the formal employment sector, and plan the number and timing of their pregnancies and births.
    - - Empowering women and girls is morally imperative for the sake of the individuals who benefit. It also makes entire communities and countries more prosperous, sustainable, and resilient. When women have bodily autonomy, they are better able to care for their own health, raise healthy children with good prospects, and make key contributions to society. Removing barriers to women entering the workforce boosts economic growth, and research shows that more women in decision-making positions leads to more policies aimed at protecting the environment and improving health and education.
      - Maybe not important: Unfortunately, there is still a big mismatch between the funding that is needed to end the worst gender inequalities—including child marriage, gender-based violence, unmet need for family planning, and preventable maternal mortality—and what has been made available. In light of the lack of progress on the Sustainable Development Goals and in several cases, major setbacks, there is an urgent need to close the gender equality funding gap.
  - - - promoted a normative shift towards the eradication of sexual violence in conflict.
    - - Population Growth and Environmental Impact: Rapid population growth exacerbates environmental issues. Empowering women to make informed reproductive choices can help stabilize population growth, thereby reducing pressure on natural resources.
    - - [average family size plummets, ] when women are free to choose what happens to their bodies and lives, and when they have opportunities to receive an education and participate in the formal economy,
      - When women have bodily autonomy, they are better able to care for their own health, raise healthy children with good prospects, and make key contributions to society.
    - - The rise of feminist governance in foreign policy Karin Aggestam and Jacqui True
        
        p. 208 The panel of global leaders also highlighted the importance of safeguarding women’s human rights to education, health care, reproductive rights and maternity leave as fundamental to participation in the economy, thus articulating core feminist principles as relevant.
      - Source
        
        When women and—particularly—adolescent girls have information and decision-making power, they can stay healthy, avoid unwanted pregnancies, prevent or treat sexually transmitted infections—including HIV—reduce their risk of experiencing sexual and gender-based violence, complete more years of school and obtain the education and skills they need to become economically productive.
        
        Evidence demonstrates the positive links between SRHR and women and girls’ economic empowerment; it is estimated that with each additional child born to a woman between the ages of 25 and 39, labour participation decreases by 10 to 15%.
        
        Having support for sexual and reproductive health and exercising sexual and reproductive rights means having the rights, knowledge and ability to make decisions and to access services concerning one’s reproductive life and sexuality.
      - SMFA (2018)
        
        p. 29 Access to contraception and sex education for young people and adults benefit gender equality and counteract sexual violence, involuntary pregnancies, abortions and sexually transmitted diseases.
      - (Population Connection, 2021)
        
        Removing barriers to women entering the workforce boosts economic growth, and research shows that more women in decision-making positions leads to more policies aimed at protecting the environment and improving health and education.
        
        Educating girls keeps them safer and healthier
        By contrast, when girls receive an education, they tend to marry later, have more opportunities for paid employment, have better health outcomes, and have fewer children over the course of their lives. This virtuous circle continues when their own children are able to stay in school, get married as adults (if at all, and to partners of their choosing), participate in the formal employment sector, and plan the number and timing of their pregnancies and births.
  - - - economy (and labour market)
        
        Source
        
        Removing barriers to women entering the workforce boosts economic growth,
        
        https://populationconnection.org/blog/empower-women-save-the-planet/
        
        Women's Role in Agriculture: Women play a central role in agriculture, especially in developing countries. Empowering women farmers with resources and training can increase agricultural productivity, reduce deforestation, and enhance food security.
    - - It brings in more feminist voices from different communities and with a broad set of equities.
      - FP addresses issues of power, such as colonialism, that often go unspoken within and between governments. Dynamics based on gender, race, sexuality, religion, economic power, education level, (dis-)ability, and other factors are included in gender and policy analysis and decision-making.
      - High-level leadership and political will are critical if FFPs are to be implemented, for example through gender councils in the executive branch, staffed by officials with significant power to influence government-wide decisions. Budgetary commitments are also vital for targeted resources for diplomacy and development efforts, and for strategies that prioritize outcomes of gender equality and equity, not just performative women’s leadership.
      - FFP translates into a renewed emphasis on tactics such as the meaningful use of gender advisors, the collection (and use) of sex-disaggregated data, and importantly, a mandate to utilize gender analysis in every foreign policy and national security decision.
    - - Education and Family Planning: Providing girls with education and access to family planning services leads to smaller family sizes, improved health outcomes, and better economic opportunities, all of which contribute to environmental sustainability.
      - Policy and Decision-Making: Ensuring women's participation in policy-making processes leads to more inclusive and effective environmental policies. Women's perspectives are essential in addressing climate change and promoting sustainable practices.
        
        Source
        
        and research shows that more women in decision-making positions leads to more policies aimed at protecting the environment and improving health and education.
    - - Education
        
        Educating girls keeps them safer and healthier
        By contrast, when girls receive an education, they tend to marry later, have more opportunities for paid employment, have better health outcomes, and have fewer children over the course of their lives. This virtuous circle continues when their own children are able to stay in school, get married as adults (if at all, and to partners of their choosing), participate in the formal employment sector, and plan the number and timing of their pregnancies and births.
  - - - Women’s access to justice is crucial for rebuilding post-conflict societies and holding perpetrators of gender-based violence accountable.
      - Women’s participation in peace processes leads to better and more sustainable outcomes.
    - - Research is clear that countries with more gender equality engage less in conflict, are strong global citizens, and are more prosperous and secure.
- - - - Keys to making feminist foreign policies durable and sustainable:
        
        p. 7
        
        Present clear and concrete results
        
        Clearly define a level of ambition that is ambitious but doable
        
        Invest in public awareness
        
        Separate action plans from the label
        
        Be mindful of the FFP becoming too person-driven
        
        International Co-operation
        
        Cross-party consolidation and parliamentary support
  - - - Source Increases in economic development and women’s labour force participation, as well as decreases in the total fertility rate, have sizable positive effects on women’s rights.
- - - - p. 6 Most governments scored well on articulating an ambitious, intersectional and coherent approach in their feminist foreign policies.
  - - - Maybe also on EU level
- - - - :check: p. 148 These networks are seen as works in progress that actively shape the international norms that are themselves dynamic processes subject to contesta- tion and change.
    - - p. 591
        
        :check: Norm diffusion, by definition, is the transfer or transmission of objects, pro- cesses, ideas, and information from one population or region to another (Hugill and Dickson 1988: 263–64).
      - pp. 591 - 592
        
        :check:institutions like the World Bank act as active promoters of global norms across areas such as development, the environment, human rights, and gender equality (Finnemore, 1993; True & Mintrom, 2001). The World Bank, identifying as a “Knowledge Bank,” played a key role in advancing gender mainstreaming—particularly following the 1995 Beijing World Conference on Women, which created an opening for both internal leadership and external gender activists to push for change
  - - - :check: p. 152 A norm entrepreneur can be understood as a political actor who actively and consciously seeks to promote foreign policy change by integrating pro–gender equality norms (Davies and True 2017)
    - - :check: p. 420 A norm entrepreneur is an actor strongly com- mitted to a certain norm, and ready to actively promote this norm to shape the behaviour of others
- - - - In the following paragraphs, some of the most comprehensive and internationally
      - disseminated equality, inequality, and gender gap indicators will be discussed.
      - Specifically, the Global Gender Gap Index (GGGI) of the World Economic Forum
      - (WEF, 2022), the Gender Development Index (GDI) of the United Nations (UNDP,
      - 2022a; 2022b), the Gender Inequality Index (UNDP, 2022a and 2022b), and the
      - Gender Equality Index (GEI) of the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE,
      - 2017; 2022) will be analysed. All these represent a representative selection of the
      - different approaches and calculation methods used by leading international organisations to measure gender (in)equality.
- - - - To close the global gender gap, progress must happen on three fronts: stronger laws, stronger institutions
        
        he data show that countries with strong legal frameworks and robust implementation systems tend to achieve better real-world outcomes, such as higher female labour force participation, improved access to education and healthcare, more equitable pay and stronger political representation. While institutional capacity is critical, strong, gender-equal laws remain the foundation for measurable, meaningful progress.
        
        Panel A shows that countries with stronger legal frameworks tend to achieve better gender parity outcomes. Panel B displays a similar, though slightly weaker, positive association with supportive frameworks, such as policies, programmes and institutions.
      - social norms
        
        TThese disparities underscore a vital truth: laws and policies alone are not enough. They must be backed by strong systems and embedded in supportive social norms.
      - Examples for countries
        https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-gender-gap-report-2023/digest/
        
        Iceland, Norway and Finland are the best-performing countries, both in the region and in the world, while Hungary, Czech Republic and Cyprus rank at the bottom of the region