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Chapter 8 - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8
Metabolism
the totality of an organism's chemical reaction
Energy
Thermal energy
total kinetic energy
Potential energy
stored energy due to structure
Kinetic energy
energy of motion
Chemical energy
potential energy stored in chemical bonds of molecules
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations in a collection of matter
First Law
energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.
Second Law
every energy transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.
Free energy
determines spontaneity
Spontaneous process
exergonic
energy outward
Non spontaneous process
endergonic
energy inward
ATP structure (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Adenine + Ribose + 3 Phosphate groups.
Enzymes
proteins that act as biological catalysts
Cofactors
inorganic helpers
Active site
specific region where substrates bind
Coenzymes
organic helpers
Activation energy
energy required to start a reaction
Catalysis
lowers activation energy
speeds up chemical reactions
Enzyme Inhibition
Non-competitive Inhibitors
blocks substrates
Competitive Inhibitors:
changes enzyme shape
Allosteric Regulation
regulatory molecule binds at a site other than the active site
cooperativity