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Biology Chapter 8: Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Biology Chapter 8: Metabolism
Metabolic Pathways:A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules.
Catabolic Pathway: A pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules.
Example: Cellular Respiration- breaks down glucose and other organic fuels in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.
Anabolic Pathway: A pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules.
Example: The synthesis of an amino acid from simpler molecules and synthesis of a protein from amino acids.
Forms of Energy
Kinetic energy: Energy associated with motion
Thermal energy: kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules
Heat: thermal energy tranferred from one object to another
Example: contraction of muscles to push a large object,
Potential Energy: the energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure)
Examples: a stretched rubber band or a book sitting on the top shelf of a bookcase
Chemical energy: energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy.
Example: glucose, a complex molecule, is high in chemical energy
Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics: the study of the energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
First Law of Thermodynamics: the principle of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
Example: a plant converting sunlight to chemical energy
Second Law of Thermodynamics: the principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Entropy: molecular disorder or randomness
Example: a hot coffee in contact with a cool table, the hot temperature will affect the entropy until the table and coffee reach the same temperature.