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Wildlife Resource Management - Coggle Diagram
Wildlife Resource Management
Unit I. General Concepts
Wildlife: definition, uses, and values
• Wildlife includes all non-domesticated animals living in natural environments, whether terrestrial or aquatic.
• It has ecological (ecosystem balance), cultural (identity), and economic (tourism, food) values.
• Its uses include food, traditional medicine, recreational and educational purposes.
General criteria for wildlife management
• Management must be based on scientific knowledge of the species and its ecosystem.
• It is essential to respect the ecosystem’s carrying capacity and avoid overexploitation.
• Local community participation and their relationship with wildlife must be considered.
Resource management
• It involves the rational and sustainable use of wildlife species.
• It seeks a balance between human use and biological conservation.
• Continuous monitoring is needed to adapt management to ecological changes.
Context of wildlife management at local, regional, national, and international levels
• Locally, decisions should include communities and traditional knowledge.
• Nationally, public policies and wildlife protection laws are established.
• Internationally, treaties like CITES regulate trade of endangered species.
Unit II. In Situ Management
Identifying and defining issues related to in situ wildlife
• Habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization reduces wildlife populations.
• Habitat fragmentation prevents movement and reproduction of species.
• Invasive species alter ecosystems and displace native wildlife.
Planning and developing management strategies
• Strategies must be based on clear goals and ecological diagnoses.
• Actions may include creating biological corridors and protecting habitats.
• Training local actors is crucial for successful implementation.
Evaluation and monitoring of applied strategies
• It involves using biological indicators (population numbers, habitat health).
• Allows for correction and adjustment of actions when needed.
• Ensures long-term sustainability and adaptability of management strategies.
Unit III. Ex Situ Management
Identification and justification of ex situ management
• Used when populations are critically threatened in their natural habitat.
• Justified in reproduction, education, or research programs.
• It complements in situ management but is not a replacement.
Ex situ management strategies
• Include zoos, breeding centers, and gene banks with proper animal care protocols.
• Aim to preserve genetic diversity under human supervision.
• Facilitate planned reintroductions into restored habitats.
Design and evaluation of management plans
• Plans must consider species biology, program goals, and available resources.
• They include health, reproduction, and release protocols.
• Regular evaluation ensures the plan meets its conservation objectives.
Unit IV. Applied Aspects of Management
Harvesting rate
• It is the proportion of individuals or resources extracted without harming the population.
• Must be based on scientific studies of species’ growth and reproduction.
• Miscalculations can lead to overexploitation and population collapse.
Pests and exotic species
• Some introduced species become pests that harm crops or ecosystems.
• Control must be done carefully to avoid harming native species.
• Prevention and public education are key to limiting their spread.
Agricultural activities
• They may cause habitat loss, pollution, and wildlife conflicts.
• Sustainable practices help reduce the impact on biodiversity.
• Agroforestry and living fences are examples of positive integration.
Protected areas and biological corridors
• Protected areas conserve key habitats for wildlife.
• Biological corridors connect fragmented areas and enable genetic flow.
• They are essential for long-term conservation strategies.
Wildlife-related regulations
• Include laws, regulations, and international agreements protecting species.
• They govern wildlife use, hunting, trade, and ownership.
• Enforcement depends on effective monitoring and public awareness.