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traditional food of animal origin (terzo file) foglio 3 - Coggle Diagram
traditional food of animal origin (terzo file) foglio 3
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Tenebria molitor-->adult is 13-20 mm, bright dark brown, longitudinal furrows on the elytra. It is one of the
largest species that can infest the food industries. The female lays 80-550 eggs, no light to grow
Cylindrical, rust-yellow, sclerified exoskeleton compared to other larva of other insects, up to
30 mm
6 thoracic segment in the larva--> development 160-180 days, we have from 11 to 19 larva stages depending in the condition of the larva’s substrate.
youngest adult has a pale colour because it is just transformed from pupae to adult,
whereas the oldest adult has a dark colour
chemical accumulation--> 28 °C with 8-10 molts
rearing--> containers have to be resistant to the mouth part of the larvae. The
containers can be stackable
male and female adults are placed in a container, eggs are divided and later there is the separation between larvae and excrement
diet--> wheat bran (crusca) + potato slices, carrots, cabbage, apple. T. molitor can choose the
right nutritional value for his growth
High density -> high quantity of final product, in reality this causes stress,--> there are no larvae close to each other’s.
commercial elements--> is important to clean, small farm limits--> food, diet and nutrition
projects are promoted rearing systems at home--> important the environment for plant growing on which grasshoppers can feed.
MUSCA DOMESTICA--> vehicle of salmonella, tubercolosi ecc...
adults--> 5-7 mm, gray, with 4 black longitudinal bands on the chest. The females lay eggs in groups
of 120-150 for a total of 900-1200 eggs that have an incubation of 8-72 h.
larvae--> Larva is cylindrical-conical with tearing buccal apparatus. The development needs 3 days
diet--> 50 % glucose + 50% milk powder, larvae eats moisty
substrate
rearing--> insect rearing should be isolated in order to avoid that they can escape and create
disease
condition for adults breeding and for eggs--> 25-32 °C, UR = 65- 75 %, 8 h light and they need water. A piece of cotton cloth is placed on wet bran for egg laying
larvae separated with negative phototaxis, dried and conservated for 4-6 months--> mixed with a wheat bran (crusca) and after 1-2 days at 25-30 °C and UR=
65-75% there is the pupations
Zophobas
morio--> up to 7 cm in 3-4 month and 18 different stages. For pupation the mature larvae must be separated from each other to avoid mutual disturbance--> manual job
Acheta
domesticus--> 20-25 cm, brownish-gray colour with one generation/ year. They live in houses, in production sites and in warehouses, hot umidity without light, eterometabulous--> similar to adults
32-35 °C (UR) = 25-30 %. The density of crickets is 500-750 individuals in 28,3 L container. Each cricket should have 2,5 m, there are sponges where the insects can find water or watery systems typical for poultry.
They need feed that is introduced regularly.
diet--> : 20-30% proteins,
32-37% carbohydrate, 3,2-5,2% lipids.
reproduction--> adults are put in a container with a oviposition where females lay eggs this oviposition is transferred in another empty container with water and food where the eggs open up
Galleria
mellonella--> They are able to digest some kind of plastics, because the chemical
structure of plastic is similar to the one of the wax
larvae--> Larvae live well on brood (nidiata) of bees and pollen. Adding beeswax to the diet
reduces development time and increases growth, but it’s expensive
Diet: CSMA formulation (with 27% alfaalfa grass (erba medica), 30% wheat bran, 40% brewers’
dried grain), honey, glycerin, brewer’s yeast and water
adults--> larvae form the cocoons on the walls of the containers, or on cartons placed vertically in the centre of the containers. Then, thanks with cocoons are kept in the dark (wooden boxes or opaque material). Translucent cans or flexible tubes are inserted in the boxes and act as a connection with the containers for reproduction. 24 °C, 80 % UR and 14 hours light
Reproduction: the reproduction containers are in PVC, high density polyethylene, metal
or wood, later it is washed. Rearing--> polystyrene, polypropylene
or high-density polyethylene, 28-30°C, UR = 60-75% and dark environment.
Hermetia
illucens--> come from USA, it inhibits other insects, resistant to insecticides
cycle--> pre-pupae stage stops feeding and the mouthpart appendages turn into anchoring
appendages. The pupation take place in a dry environment.
adults--> need big space to fly because the mating (accoppiamento) happens during
the flight and they need light to coupling, if the T< 27°C, reduction of adult activity
egg lay happens in some support: corrugated cardboard, placed above containers for
a few days--> It is necessary to concentrate the egg lay
Larvae: the corrugated cartons are placed in plastic containers until the egg hutch, with a
humidity of 70 %, 27 °C and 14 hours light.