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ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION, Interspecific Relationships, is the relationship…
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Primary ecological succession
Process
Occurs in
lifeless areas
gradually establish
Pioneer species colonies
begins
Soil formation
grow
Grass & small plants
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where
No bottom sediment (in water)
No soil (on land)
Very slow (takes hundreds to thousands of years)
Pros
Mimics natural processes
Self-sustaining
Builds resilience
Cons
High initial human intervention
Low-practicality in cities
METHOD IS IMPRACTICAL
Secondary ecological succession
Process
Occurs in
disturbed areas
Quickly establish
Weeds & grasses
followed by
Shrubs & fast-growing trees
develop into
Hardwoods & mature forest
Soil is still present
Much quicker (decades - centuries)
IDEAL
for Urban Planning & Recovery
first
Check soil quality
encourage
Natural regeneration
allow
Birds & insects to spread seeds
add
Low-intervention design
Successional layers
such as
Benefits
Faster recovery
Easier soil rebuilding
High practicality in cities
Population Growth factors
Population Limiting factors
include
Increasing temperature
caused by
Reflective buiding materials
Vegetation loss
lead to
Reduced liveability
Killing heat-sensitive species
Concretization
Water pollution
caused by
Construction runoff
Sewage discharge
lead to
Discomfort & Health risks
Harm to aquatic species
Reduced wetland filteration
Air pollution
caused by
Emission
lead to
Habitat loss
Respatory issues
Dust
Noise pollution
caused by
Vehicle horns
lead to
Sleep reduction
Stress
Communication disruption (in animals)
Construction noise
Exceeding carrying capacity
due to
Ground water shortage
caused by
Water overuse
Poor filteration
result in
Land subsidence
Drought
Dense & limited infrastructure
caused by
Filling wetlands
Deforestation
result in
Strain roads, sewers & services
Traffic congestion
caused by
Limited public transport
lead to
Urban noise pollution
Air pollution
Population growth
integrate
THU THIEM NEW URBAN AREA
Interspecific Relationships
Predation
Predator
Cat & Birds, Rodents
currently affected by
Polluted, low-oxygen water
due to
Domestic & construction wastewater
increases
Risk of worm infection
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Decreasing predator populations
leading to
Ecological imbalance
such as
Rapid growth of mosquito populations
Shrinking ecosystems
due to
Urbanization
Concretization
Prey
Parasitism
currently affected by
Pollution
Mosquitoes & Humans
Mutualism
currently affected by
Rapid urbanization
is leading to
Declining species populations
loss of
Beneficial insects
lead to
Fewer pollinators
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Habitat loss
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reduce
Green spaces
reduce
Plant diversity
for example
Pollinators & Urban plants
Commensalism
is the relationship between